Identifying the ecological factors that shape parasite distributions remains a central goal in disease ecology. These factors include dispersal capability, environmental filters and geographic distance. Using 520 haemosporidian parasite genetic lineages recovered from 7,534 birds sampled across tropical and temperate South America, we tested (a) the latitudinal diversity gradient hypothesis and (b) the distance–decay relationship (decreasing proportion of shared species between communities with increasing geographic distance) for this host–parasite system. We then inferred the biogeographic processes influencing the diversity and distributions of this cosmopolitan group of parasites across South America. We found support for a latitudinal gradient in diversity for avian haemosporidian parasites, potentially mediated through higher avian host diversity towards the equator. Parasite similarity was correlated with climate similarity, geographic distance and host composition. Local diversification in Amazonian lineages followed by dispersal was the most frequent biogeographic events reconstructed for haemosporidian parasites. Combining macroecological patterns and biogeographic processes, our study reveals that haemosporidian parasites are capable of circumventing geographic barriers and dispersing across biomes, although constrained by environmental filtering. The contemporary diversity and distributions of haemosporidian parasites are mainly driven by historical (speciation) and ecological (dispersal) processes, whereas the parasite community assembly is largely governed by host composition and to a lesser extent by environmental conditions.

Objectives:to analyze the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms, resilience and self-esteem with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; correlate resilience and self-esteem with age and duration of the disease; check associations between anxiety and depression with measures of resilience and self-esteem among individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Method:correlational study conducted in a large university hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population was composed of adult inpatients with cardiovascular diseases. A non-probabilistic consecutive sample was composed of 120 patients. Variables of interest were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Resilience Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results:anxiety and depression symptoms were present in 32.5% and 17.5% of the patients, respectively, and were associated with the female sex (p = 0.002; p = 0.022). Manifestations of depression were associated with the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.020). More resilient patients did not present depression symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxious women were more resilient (p = 0.042). The highest scores regarding self-esteem were present in patients with anxiety and depression. Men presented higher resilience and lower self-esteem compared to women. Conclusion:patients with anxiety and depression were less resilient but presented higher self-esteem.

Objective: Assess the degree of patient satisfaction with triage in the adult emergency service of a public hospital. Method: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Three hundred patients were interviewed and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on sociodemographic variables and those related to patient satisfaction. Results: There was a predominance of women, with elementary education and a mean age of 41 years. Most of the interviewees reported being satisfied in regard to the following items: timely service, embracement, trust, environment (comfort, cleanliness and signage), humanization (courtesy, respect, and interest), timely referral/scheduling of appointments and care expectations. Conclusion: There was a high level of patient satisfaction, evidenced by the strong association of user satisfaction with the items investigated.

RESUMOObjetivo: verifi car os fatores associados e o nível de adesão às precauções padrão dos profi ssionais de enfermagem do setor de clínica médica de um hospital de ensino. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico, realizado com 54 profi ssionais de enfermagem, por meio da aplicação da Escala Psicométrica de Adesão às Precauções Padrão, traduzida e validada para o português do Brasil. Resultados: o escore global de adesão foi intermediário (4,41); não houve correlação estatisticamente signifi cativa entre adesão e categoria profi ssional (p=0,404) e com o tempo de exercício profi ssional (p= 0,612). Verifi cou-se correlação do item Lava as mãos após a retirada de luvas descartáveis (p=0,026) com profi ssionais com tempo de trabalho, na área, superior a 10 anos. Conclusão: a adesão às medidas de precaução padrão pela equipe de enfermagem foi intermediária, não tendo diferença estatisticamente signifi cativa em relação à categoria profi ssional e ao tempo de exercício profi ssional. Descritores: Precauções Universais; Equipe de Enfermagem; Exposição a Agentes Biológicos; Riscos Ocupacionais; Equipamento de Proteção Individual. RESUMENObjetivo: verifi car los factores asociados y el nivel de adhesión a precauciones estándar en profesionales de enfermería del sector de clínica médica de un hospital de enseñanza. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, analítico, realizado con 54 profesionales de enfermería, a través de la aplicación de la Escala Psicométrica de Adhesión a las Precauciones Estándar, traducida y validada al portugués brasileño. Resultados: el puntaje global de adhesión fue intermedio (4,41); no hubo correlación estadísticamente signifi cativa entre adhesión y categoría profesional (p=0,404) ni con tiempo de ejercicio profesional (p=0,612). Se verifi có correlación del ítem Lava sus manos luego de quitarse los guantes descartables (p=0,026) en profesionales con tiempo de Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2017 jan-fev;70(1):90-7. 91Adherence to standard precautions in a teaching hospital Ferreira LA, et al. INTRODUCTIONHealth professionals are constantly exposed to risks in their workplace environment, which may have a direct impact on health conditions. Among these professionals, nursing team members are subjected to high-level occupational risks, especially exposure to biological materials. This is related to the direct and indirect support they provide to patients and types and frequency of procedures they perform, exposing them microorganisms present in blood and organic fluids (1)(2) . Regarding biological risks, infections of higher epidemiological relevance are those caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -which causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) -and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) (3) . Estimates indicate that around 400 million people, or 5.7% of the world population, have HBV and 180 million have HCV. In addition, by 2012, HIV had infected about 40 million people (4) . When the prevalence of AIDS and hepatitis increases, the risk of occupational contamina...