Fatty acid (FA) composition is a determinant of the physiological effects of dietary oils. This study investigated the effects of vegetable oil supplementation with different FA compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women on a hypocaloric diet with lifestyle modifications. Seventy-five women (body mass index, BMI, 30–39.9kg/m2) were randomized based on 8-week oil supplementation into four experimental groups: the coconut oil group (CoG, n = 18), the safflower oil group (SafG, n = 19), the chia oil group (ChG, n = 19), and the soybean oil placebo group (PG, n = 19). Pre- and post-supplementation weight, anthropometric parameters, and body fat (%BF), and lean mass percentages (%LM) were evaluated, along with biochemical parameters related to lipid and glycidemic profiles. In the anthropometric evaluation, the CoG showed greater weight loss (Δ% = −8.54 ± 2.38), and reduced BMI (absolute variation, Δabs = −2.86 ± 0.79), waist circumference (Δabs = −6.61 ± 0.85), waist-to-height ratio (Δabs = −0.041 ± 0.006), conicity index (Δabs = −0.03 ± 0.016), and %BF (Δabs = −2.78 ± 0.46), but increased %LM (Δabs = 2.61 ± 1.40) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CoG showed a higher reduction in biochemical parameters of glycemia (Δabs = −24.71 ± 8.13) and glycated hemoglobin (Δabs = −0.86 ± 0.28) (p < 0.001). The ChG showed a higher reduction in cholesterol (Δabs = −45.36 ± 0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc; Δabs = −42.53 ± 22.65), and triglycerides (Δabs = −49.74 ± 26.3), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; abs = 3.73 ± 1.24, p = 0.007). Coconut oil had a more pronounced effect on abdominal adiposity and glycidic profile, whereas chia oil had a higher effect on improving the lipid profile. Indeed, supplementation with different fatty acid compositions resulted in specific responses.

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Os materiais metálicos têm suas propriedades mecânicas alteradas quando são deformados a frio. O tratamento térmico de recristalização é uma das ferramentas capazes de recuperar a microestrutura e as propriedades dos metais deformados. Durante a recristalização, grãos "novos", livres de deformação, se formam. Após a recristalização, o metal apresenta microestrutura similar à que existia antes da deformação. A recristalização ocorre através da nucleação e do crescimento desses novos grãos. (1,2) A teoria fenomenológica de Johnson e Mehl, (3) Avrami (4) e Kolmogorov, (5) teoria de JMAK, é muito empregada no modelamento analítico da recristalização. A teoria de JMAK e o conceito de caminho microestrutural de DeHoff, (6) utilizada por Vandermeer (7) são ferramentas matemáticas utilizadas para descrever analiticamente a recristalização. Neste trabalho, um código computacional que simula a recristalização utilizando o método do autômato celular (AC) (8,9) em 3D é apresentado. Quando as mesmas considerações utilizadas nas teorias analíticas são empregadas na simulação do autômato celular em 3D, os resultados têm uma boa concordância com as soluções analíticas matematicamente exatas. Além da comparação da simulação com a teoria, é feita uma avaliação do efeito da distribuição dos núcleos na cinética e no caminho microestrutural.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of early weaning on circadian rhythm and the behavioral satiety sequence in adult rats. Male Wistar rat pups were weaned for separation from the mother at 15 (D15), 21 (D21) and 30 (D30) days old. Body weight and food intake was measured every 30 days until pups were 150 days old. At 90 days of age, the circadian rhythm of food intake was evaluated every 4h for three days. Behavioral satiety was evaluated at 35 and 100 days of age. This work demonstrated that body weight and food intake were not altered, but the behavioral satiety sequence demonstrated that the D15 group delayed satiety compared with the D30 group at 100 days of age. In the circadian rhythm of the food intake study, early weaning (D15) changed food intake in the intermediary period of the light phase and in the intermediary period of the dark phase. In conclusion, our study showed that early weaning may alter the feeding behavior mainly in relation to satiety and the circadian rhythm of feeding. It is possible that the presence of other environmental stimuli during early weaning can cause hyperphagia and deregulate the mechanisms of homeostasis and body weight control. This study supports theories that depict insults during early life as determinants of chronic diseases.

Introdução. A obesidade pode ser considerada um dos principais pro­blemas de saúde pública mundial, com números alarmantes ao redor do mundo e correlação com diversas doenças de curso fatal. Fatores ambientais e vários sistemas fisiológicos estão implicados na causa da doença. Um destes sistemas, o de recompensa alimentar que envolve o neurotransmissor dopamina, é amplamente conhecido na literatu­ra como responsável pela motivação à busca de recompensas naturais (alimentos) e artificiais (drogas). Objetivo. Levantar dados na litera­tura que comprovem o envolvimento da dopamina com a hiperfagia e obesidade. Método. Foi realizada pesquisa em três bases de dados (MedLine, Lilacs e SciELO) com descritores e termos livres relacio­nados ao assunto, no período de maio/2013 a março/2014. Resul­tado. Foram encontrados 391 artigos. Após seleção criteriosa, com base nos critérios de exclusão definidos para este trabalho, apenas 17 artigos foram selecionados para discussão, os quais foram unânimes em apontar mudanças no sistema dopaminérgico em participantes obesos, como alterações na liberação de dopamina e na expressão de seus receptores. Conclusão. Futuros estudos precisam explorar mais esta condição através de desenhos experimentais adequados, seguindo o CONSORT, com grupos-controle e resultados validados interna­cionalmente, na expectativa de controlar os índices de morbi-mortali­dade decorrentes deste transtorno alimentar.

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Obesogenic diets are known to induce obesity and changes in food intake in experimental animals. Obesity negatively affects the peripheral metabolism and neural aspects, such as changes in eating behavior. In obese animals, dopamine (DA) receptor levels are reduced. Dopamine is one of the main peptides involved in the motivation and pleasure of eating. A combination of naltrexone/bupropion (NB) has shown promise in controlling metabolic alterations, but there are few studies on how they modulate dopaminergic expression. Naltrexone/bupropion, in addition to reducing food intake and body weight, can modify tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2) levels in the mesolimbic areas of rats submitted to a high-fat diet (HF). The study evaluated the effect of NB on food intake, body weight, and expression levels of TH, Drd1a, and Drd2, in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of rats fed on HF. Wistar rats were grouped according to diet: Standard (n = 20) and High-fat diet (n = 20). The food intake and body weight were analyzed. The gene expression of Th, Drd1a, and Drd2 was evaluated using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). NB (1 mg/kg) and (20 mg/kg) reduced food intake and body weight. It increased Drd2 expression in rats on HF diet and increased Th in rats on both experimental diets. The level of Drd1a was unchanged. We concluded that body weight reduction may be associated with decreased food intake in response to the increased Drd2 expression in the mesolimbic areas of rats that received a high-fat diet.

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