Fatty acid (FA) composition is a determinant of the physiological effects of dietary oils. This study investigated the effects of vegetable oil supplementation with different FA compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women on a hypocaloric diet with lifestyle modifications. Seventy-five women (body mass index, BMI, 30–39.9kg/m2) were randomized based on 8-week oil supplementation into four experimental groups: the coconut oil group (CoG, n = 18), the safflower oil group (SafG, n = 19), the chia oil group (ChG, n = 19), and the soybean oil placebo group (PG, n = 19). Pre- and post-supplementation weight, anthropometric parameters, and body fat (%BF), and lean mass percentages (%LM) were evaluated, along with biochemical parameters related to lipid and glycidemic profiles. In the anthropometric evaluation, the CoG showed greater weight loss (Δ% = −8.54 ± 2.38), and reduced BMI (absolute variation, Δabs = −2.86 ± 0.79), waist circumference (Δabs = −6.61 ± 0.85), waist-to-height ratio (Δabs = −0.041 ± 0.006), conicity index (Δabs = −0.03 ± 0.016), and %BF (Δabs = −2.78 ± 0.46), but increased %LM (Δabs = 2.61 ± 1.40) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CoG showed a higher reduction in biochemical parameters of glycemia (Δabs = −24.71 ± 8.13) and glycated hemoglobin (Δabs = −0.86 ± 0.28) (p < 0.001). The ChG showed a higher reduction in cholesterol (Δabs = −45.36 ± 0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc; Δabs = −42.53 ± 22.65), and triglycerides (Δabs = −49.74 ± 26.3), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; abs = 3.73 ± 1.24, p = 0.007). Coconut oil had a more pronounced effect on abdominal adiposity and glycidic profile, whereas chia oil had a higher effect on improving the lipid profile. Indeed, supplementation with different fatty acid compositions resulted in specific responses.

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Os materiais metálicos têm suas propriedades mecânicas alteradas quando são deformados a frio. O tratamento térmico de recristalização é uma das ferramentas capazes de recuperar a microestrutura e as propriedades dos metais deformados. Durante a recristalização, grãos "novos", livres de deformação, se formam. Após a recristalização, o metal apresenta microestrutura similar à que existia antes da deformação. A recristalização ocorre através da nucleação e do crescimento desses novos grãos. (1,2) A teoria fenomenológica de Johnson e Mehl, (3) Avrami (4) e Kolmogorov, (5) teoria de JMAK, é muito empregada no modelamento analítico da recristalização. A teoria de JMAK e o conceito de caminho microestrutural de DeHoff, (6) utilizada por Vandermeer (7) são ferramentas matemáticas utilizadas para descrever analiticamente a recristalização. Neste trabalho, um código computacional que simula a recristalização utilizando o método do autômato celular (AC) (8,9) em 3D é apresentado. Quando as mesmas considerações utilizadas nas teorias analíticas são empregadas na simulação do autômato celular em 3D, os resultados têm uma boa concordância com as soluções analíticas matematicamente exatas. Além da comparação da simulação com a teoria, é feita uma avaliação do efeito da distribuição dos núcleos na cinética e no caminho microestrutural.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of early weaning on circadian rhythm and the behavioral satiety sequence in adult rats. Male Wistar rat pups were weaned for separation from the mother at 15 (D15), 21 (D21) and 30 (D30) days old. Body weight and food intake was measured every 30 days until pups were 150 days old. At 90 days of age, the circadian rhythm of food intake was evaluated every 4h for three days. Behavioral satiety was evaluated at 35 and 100 days of age. This work demonstrated that body weight and food intake were not altered, but the behavioral satiety sequence demonstrated that the D15 group delayed satiety compared with the D30 group at 100 days of age. In the circadian rhythm of the food intake study, early weaning (D15) changed food intake in the intermediary period of the light phase and in the intermediary period of the dark phase. In conclusion, our study showed that early weaning may alter the feeding behavior mainly in relation to satiety and the circadian rhythm of feeding. It is possible that the presence of other environmental stimuli during early weaning can cause hyperphagia and deregulate the mechanisms of homeostasis and body weight control. This study supports theories that depict insults during early life as determinants of chronic diseases.

Introdução. A obesidade pode ser considerada um dos principais pro­blemas de saúde pública mundial, com números alarmantes ao redor do mundo e correlação com diversas doenças de curso fatal. Fatores ambientais e vários sistemas fisiológicos estão implicados na causa da doença. Um destes sistemas, o de recompensa alimentar que envolve o neurotransmissor dopamina, é amplamente conhecido na literatu­ra como responsável pela motivação à busca de recompensas naturais (alimentos) e artificiais (drogas). Objetivo. Levantar dados na litera­tura que comprovem o envolvimento da dopamina com a hiperfagia e obesidade. Método. Foi realizada pesquisa em três bases de dados (MedLine, Lilacs e SciELO) com descritores e termos livres relacio­nados ao assunto, no período de maio/2013 a março/2014. Resul­tado. Foram encontrados 391 artigos. Após seleção criteriosa, com base nos critérios de exclusão definidos para este trabalho, apenas 17 artigos foram selecionados para discussão, os quais foram unânimes em apontar mudanças no sistema dopaminérgico em participantes obesos, como alterações na liberação de dopamina e na expressão de seus receptores. Conclusão. Futuros estudos precisam explorar mais esta condição através de desenhos experimentais adequados, seguindo o CONSORT, com grupos-controle e resultados validados interna­cionalmente, na expectativa de controlar os índices de morbi-mortali­dade decorrentes deste transtorno alimentar.

Feeding behavior is controlled by interactions between psychobiological and physiological systems. In rats, there is a sequence in the feeding behavior that is characterized by similar movements at the beginning and end of a meal, known as the behavioral satiety sequence. In the sequence, eating is followed by grooming and other activities, and ends with resting. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the use of the behavioral satiety sequence as an experimental model for the study of feeding behavior. A systematic search of the electronic databases MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane Library and PubMed was done from November 2007 to January 2008, using combinations of the keywords "behavioral," "satiety" and "sequence". Ninety articles were found and, of these, fifteen articles were selected for the review. The studies demonstrated the efficacy of using behavioral satiety sequence to evaluate the effects of some types of manipulations on feeding behavior. With this study method it was also possible to observe different factors that can interfere with feeding behavior, such as sedation, malaise or intake inhibition, by increasing satiety. Behavioral satiety sequence offers solid tools for gaining a better understanding of how treatment can influence feeding behavior.

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