Early weaning programs rats to have a dietary preference for fat and palatable foods in adulthood

Oliveira, Lisiane dos Santos; Lima, Deise Pereira de; Silva, Amanda Alves Marcelino da; Silva, Matilde Cesiana da; Souza, Sandra Lopes de; Manhães-de-Castro, Raul

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.09.005

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Different models of early weaning have already been studied ( 8 , 11 , 50 ) . Maternal deprivation could be considered as one of the imprinting factors in early weaning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early weaning is associated with higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in adulthood

et al. 2012

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The interruption of lactation for a short period, without the use of pharmacological substances or maternal separation, causes offspring malnutrition and hypoleptinaemia and programmes for metabolic disorders such as higher body weight and adiposity, hyperphagia, hyperleptinaemia and central leptin resistance in adulthood. Here, in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying the phenotype observed in adult early-weaned (EW) rats, we studied the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in different hypothalamic nuclei by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In the EW group, the teats of lactating rats were blocked with a bandage to interrupt lactation during the last 3 d, while control pups had free access to milk throughout the entire lactation period. At age 180 d, EW offspring showed higher NPY staining in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as NPY protein content (þ68 %) in total hypothalamus than control ones. AgRP showed no changes in staining or Western blot. POMC content was not affected; however, its distribution pattern was altered. CART-positive cells of EW offspring had lower immunoreactivity associated with reduced cell number in the PVN and lower protein content (238 %) in total hypothalamus. The present data indicate that precocious weaning can imprint the neuronal circuitry, especially in the PVN, and cause a long-term effect on the expression of specific orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as NPY and CART, that can be caused by leptin resistance and are coherent with the hyperphagia observed in these animals.

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“…Different models of early weaning have already been studied ( 8 , 11 , 50 ) . Maternal deprivation could be considered as one of the imprinting factors in early weaning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early weaning is associated with higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in adulthood

et al. 2012

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“…62 However, these animals exhibited changes in the behavioral satiety test compared to lateweaned animals (PND31), suggesting a tendency toward delayed satiety behavior. 63 In addition, in adult life, the early-weaned rats showed increased hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic cholesterol without changes in glucose tolerance and plasma cholesterol concentrations. 64 Interestingly, the hepatic alterations in response to early weaning could be a result of profound changes in the expression of several liver metabolic enzymes, starting with those involved in hepatic metabolic function.…”

Section: Maternal Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Early weaning by maternal deprivation (MD) has an impact on the metabolism and behavior of offspring throughout life. [61][62][63][64][65] This model involves maternal milk restriction and maternal care restriction, which promotes perinatal stress. 66 Therefore, the offspring outcomes could be adaptive responses to nutritional changes as well as emotional stress.…”

Section: Maternal Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69 In addition to the behavioral changes, the metabolic outcomes in rat offspring were initially exhibited as a reduced body weight, which remained present 62 or became normal in adulthood (150 d old). 63,71 Interestingly, early-weaned animals showed increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. 62 However, these animals exhibited changes in the behavioral satiety test compared to lateweaned animals (PND31), suggesting a tendency toward delayed satiety behavior.…”

Section: Maternal Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Souza

Moura

Lisboa

2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Obesity and its complications occur at alarming rates worldwide. Epidemiological data have associated perinatal conditions, such as malnutrition, with the development of some disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, in childhood and adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with protection against long-term chronic diseases. However, in humans, the interruption of breastfeeding before the recommended period of 6 months is a common practice and can increase the risk of several metabolic disturbances. Nutritional and environmental changes within a critical window of development, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, can induce permanent changes in metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to diseases later in life via a phenomenon known as programming or developmental plasticity. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which precocious weaning can result in adipose tissue dysfunction and endocrine profile alterations. Here, the authors give a comprehensive report of the different animal models of early weaning and programming that can result in the development of metabolic syndrome. In rats, for example, pharmacological and nonpharmacological early weaning models are associated with the development of overweight and visceral fat accumulation, leptin and insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine and hepatic changes in adult progeny. Sex-related differences seem to influence this phenotype. Therefore, precocious weaning seems to be obesogenic for offspring. A better understanding of this condition seems essential to reducing the risk for diseases. Additionally, this knowledge can generate new insights into therapeutic strategies for obesity management, improving health outcomes.

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“…Concerning adiponectin, this hormone has been associated with higher insulin sensitivity and its concentration is inverse to total body fat [ 12 ] . Other models of early weaning also demonstrated changes in feeding behavior, with a higher preference of palatable and fatty diets [ 16 ] . These changes may be related to precocious changes in gastrointestinal epithelium [ 17 ] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental Plasticity of Endocrine Disorders in Obesity Model Primed by Early Weaning in Dams

et al. 2012

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Early weaning is associated with changes in the developmental plasticity. Here, we studied the adipocytes morphology, adipokines expression or content in adipose tissue as well as adrenal and thyroid function of neonate and adult offspring primed by early weaning. After birth, lactating rats were divided into 2 groups: EW (early weaning)--dams were wrapped with a bandage to block access to milk during the last 3 days of lactation, and Control--dams whose pups had free access to milk throughout lactation (21 days). At postnatal day (PN) 21, EW pups had lower visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area (-67.7% and -62%, respectively), body fat mass (-26%), and leptin expression in visceral adipocyte (-64%) but higher leptin expression in subcutaneous adipocyte (2.9-fold increase). Adrenal evaluations were normal, but neonate EW pups presented lower serum T3 (-55%) and TSH (-44%). At PN 180, EW offspring showed higher food intake, higher body fat mass (+21.6%), visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area (both 3-fold increase), higher leptin (+95%) and ADRβ3 (2-fold increase) content in visceral adipose tissue, and higher adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+47%) but lower in visceral adipose tissue (-40%). Adult EW offspring presented higher adrenal catecholamine content (+31%), but no changes in serum corticosterone or thyroid status. Thus, early weaning primed for hypothyroidism at weaning, which can be associated with the adipocyte hypertrophy at adulthood. The marked changes in catecholamine adrenal content and visceral adipocyte ADRB3 are generally found in obesity, contributing to the development of other cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.

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Early weaning programs rats to have a dietary preference for fat and palatable foods in adulthood

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Early weaning is associated with higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in adulthood

Early weaning is associated with higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in adulthood

Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Developmental Plasticity of Endocrine Disorders in Obesity Model Primed by Early Weaning in Dams

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