Two new norlignans together with two known phenylpropanoids were isolated from the whole herb of Anemone vitifolia. All compounds were reported from this plant for the first time. The structures of these compounds were identified by comprehensive HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. Additionally, bioactivity study results showed that two new compounds have potential anti‐inflammatory activity. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for these compounds were also speculated in this article.

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A new chromone glycoside, 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-2-methylchromone (1), together with eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the Tibetan medicine plant of Swertia punicea. All compounds of this plant were reported for the first time. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated by analysis of their HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with data reported in the literature. In vitro test, all compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity through determination of nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 1-2 were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and A375) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds has also been described.

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Two new xanthone glycosides (1-2), together with seven known analogues (3-9), were isolated from whole herb of Swertia punicea. The structures of these metabolites were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data reported in the literature. In an in vitro test, All isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. The results revealed that all of them showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.237 to 3.319 mM. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 (IC50 values in the range 1.237 to 1.987 mM) displayed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control, indomethacin (IC50 value of 2.004 mM).

Three new xanthones (1-3), together with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from whole herb of Swertia bimaculata. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, UV, and IR) and comparison with data reported in the literature. New isolates were evaluated for their anti-5α-reductase activity. The results revealed that all new compounds showed weak activity with reductase inhibitions of 40.5 ± 2.8, 38.6 ± 2.5, and 48.9 ± 3.0%, respectively.

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