Tingginya perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik dapat meningkatkan peluang penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan resistensi antibiotik. Perubahan perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik diperlukan untuk menurunkan penggunaan antibiotik yang irasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi masyarakat terhadap praktik swamedikasi antibiotik yang bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan model intervensi dalam rangka menurunkan praktik swamedikasi antibiotik (SMA). Studi observasional analitik dilakukan pada bulan November-Desember 2014 kepada masyarakat yang berkunjung ke fasilitas kesehatan primer di Kota Bandung. Wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi dilakukan untuk melihat variabel perilaku swamedikasi serta variabel persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemamampuan bertindak berdasarkan teori perubahan perilaku health belief model (HBM). Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 506 responden dewasa yang diambil secara acak di 43 puskesmas dan 8 apotek. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan regresi logistik (CI 95%, α=5%).Validitas kuesioner dinyatakan dengan koefisien korelasi >0,3 dan nilai reabilitas alpha-cronbach sebesar 0,719. Terdapat 29,45% responden yang melakukan swamedikasi antibiotik selama 6 bulan terakhir. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel HBM (persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemampuan bertindak) dengan perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik (p>0,05). Persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemauan bertindak berdasarkan teori HBM menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah terhadap perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik. Mudahnya akses dalam membeli antibiotik secara bebas diduga menjadi faktor dalam perilaku SMA sehingga regulasi yang ketat diperlukan sebagai dasar intervensi dalam menurunkan perilaku SMA.
AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan model evaluasi implementasi kebijakan standar pelayanan minimal (SPM) jenjang sekolah dasar (SD). Hasil evaluasi diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada Dinas pendidikan dan para praktisi pendidikan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non experimental. Kata kunci: model evaluasi, implementasi kebijakan, IP-SPM-SD EVALUATION MODEL OF MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARD POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AT ELEMENTARY EDUCATION LEVEL AbstractThe purpose of this research is to produce evaluation model of minimum service standard implementation at elementary education level. The evaluation results are expected to provide recommendations to education authorities and practitioners. The research employed non experimental design. This research design consisted of five latent variables and 33 manifest variables. Its population includes 307 elementary schools in 11 sub-districts of Pesawaran Regency. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 24 elementary schools in four subdistricts. The data collection instrument used in this study was questionnaire which was validated by content validity through focus group discussion (FGD). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM). The results of the research show that the condition of school environment, school policy executors, policy-target group, and school organizational management process are the appropriate dynamic modeling factor to evaluate the achievement index of minimum service standard at elementary education level. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kondisi Lingkungan Sekolah (KLS), Pelaksana Kebijakan Sekolah (PKS), Kelompok Sasaran Kebijakan (KSK), dan Proses Pengelolaan Organisasi Sekolah (PPOS) merupakan faktor dinamis pembentuk model yang tepat untuk mengevaluasi IP-SPM SD
The problem in this research is the low mathematics learning outcomes of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between learning styles and mathematics student learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative with the ex-post facto correlation research method. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study were 112 class IV students, with a sample of 53 students. Hypothesis testing uses the Pearson product-moment correlation test. The results of the study of the two variables X and Y show a positive relationship with a correlation of 0.42 on moderate criteria, and it can be concluded that Ha is accepted, that there is a relantionship between learning style with the mathematics learning outcomes of the fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 2 Sumberejo.
This study is intended to analyze the need for e-LKPD development based on the preview, question, read, reflect, recite, and review (PQ4R) to improve students' HOTS. There are three syntaxes of 3-stage levels of high order thinking skills recommended by Bloom's taxonomy. It consists of analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The type of this research is a descriptive qualitative study analysis based on a literature review of e-LKPD and equipped with the PQ4R strategy as an effort to increase the HOTS of students. The research subjects were educators and fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Purwosari, Padangratu Sub-District, Central Lampung. The research objects are HOTS, PQ4R, and e-LKPD. The data collection instrument used interview guidelines, questionnaires, and tests. The cause of the low HOTS of students is the inadequacy of teaching materials and learning strategies used in training HOTS abilities. The results of the study found that educators had not fully used e-LKPD teaching materials. Educational units also require learning strategies that can increase HOTS. PQ4R is one of the learning strategies that can be applied as a solution to increase students' HOTS. Educators need e-LKPD that contains PQ4R learning strategies that are following the characteristics of students. Thus, it can be concluded that the PQ4R-based e-LKPD to improve the HOTS of students in primary schools needs to be developed.
Students' inability to think creatively in scientific classes is the impetus for this study. An appropriate Discovery Learning-based Science Supplement Textbook is the goal of this research, as is a description of its ability to boost students' creative thinking on Heat and Transfer Themes. Borg Gall's theory is the basis for research and development. The study's target audience was fifth-graders in Metro Timur District elementary schools. Using the purposive sampling method, 28 students from class V were selected for the study. Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the data analysis process. The Discovery Learning-Based Science Supplement Textbook was found to be practicable and useful in enhancing students' creative thinking abilities. The validation results of material experts, media experts, and linguists may conclude that the project is feasible. According to the experimental class's pre-and post-test scores of creative thinking, the category "Effective Enough" achieved an N-gain of 61%. In general, the students' responses indicated that the Discovery Learning-based Science Supplementary Textbook could help students think more creatively, according to the findings.
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