Ocular ultrasound aspects and biometric values of the Striped owl are reported. The study's results provide means for various ocular measurements. The ultrasound is an easy and safe exam to be performed in the Striped owl's eyes.

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Rebouças, M. M. CATROXO, M. H. B.; PONGILUPPI, T.; MELO, N. A.; MILANELO, L.; PETRELLA, S.; MARTINS, A. M. C. P. F. & REBOUÇAS, M. M. Identification of poxvirus under transmission electron microscopy during outbreak period in wild birds, in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):577-585, 2009. SUMMARY:Avianpox is a highly contagious disease infecting both commercial and wild birds, causing great damages to breeders and breeding. Caused by DNA viruses of the family Poxviridae, genus Avipoxvirus, if manifest through 3 forms, cutaneous, diphtheric and septicemic. In June 2003, during illegal commercialization of Brazilian birds, 800 wild birds (Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila caerulescens and Sporophila albogularis) were apprehended and being forwarded to the CRAS (Wild Animals Recovery Center), Tietê Ecological Park. After one month, birds presented cutaneous lesions in the beak and feet and anorexia, emaciation, locomotion difficulties, diarrhea, dehydration and death. Among the 800 birds, 500 died and 40 these (15 Paroaria dominicana, 15 Sporophila caerulescens and 10 Sporophila albogularis) were sent to the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of the Biology Institute of São Paulo, SP, to investigate viral agents. Scabs and fragments of skin lesions collected of theses birds were processed for transmission electron microscopy utilizing negative staining (rapid preparation), resin embedding and immunocitochemistry techniques. Under the transmission electron microscopy in all the analyzed samples it was visualized two types of poxvirus particles, M form, with regular spaced thread-like ridges comprising the exposed surface, measuring 280 x 230 nm; C form or stain-penetrated particle showing the dumbbell-shaped core surrounded by the outer envelope, measuring 360 x 330 nm. In the ultrathin sections obtained, three types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were encountered: type A or Bollinger body, outlined by membrane, containing in its interior a great number of mature particles, measuring 200 x 300 nm, revealing the inner dumbbell-shaped core, two lateral bodies and an external envelope. In the type B electron dense inclusions bodies, viral particles budding of dense amorphous material were observed. Fibrillar inclusions constituted by groups of fibrils or lamellae were disposed in groups witch vary from 2 up to 5 e sometimes showed cross striations. A great number of vesicles, on the average measuring 1000 x 650 nm, containing in its interior granular material were also visualized. The nuclei were deformed and showed a marginalized chromatin. In the immunocytochemistry technique, the antigen-antibody was strongly enhanced by the dense gold particles over the viruses. CATROXO, M. H. B.; PONGILUPPI, T.; MELO, N. A.; MILANELO, L.; PETRELLA, S.; MARTINS, A. M. C. P. F. & REBOUÇAS, M. M. Identification of poxvirus under transmission electron microscopy during outbreak period in wild birds, in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):577-585, 2009.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered one of the most important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. The contact between humans and birds poses health risks to both. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae isolates from psittacines and passerines, seized from illegal trade in Brazil. We analysed 32 strains isolated from birds of the orders Psittaciformes and Passeriformes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for virulence factor genes. Antibiotic resistance was assessed by disk diffusion assay and PCR. The results indicated that fimH (100%), uge (96.8%), kfu (81.2%) and irp-2 (68.7%) were the most common virulence genes, followed by kpn (46.8%), K2 (43.7%), mrkD (34.3%) and iroN (15.6%). The combination of virulence genes resulted in a great diversity of genotypes and the heterogeneity of the strains is also confirmed in the analysis by amplified fragment length polymorphism. The susceptibility profiles of the K. pneumoniae showed 25% of multiple antibiotic resistance strains. We identified seven strains that presented non-extended spectrum beta lactamase blaSHV variants SHV-1 and SHV-11 and one strain positive to the blaTEM-1 gene. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was present in 10 strains (10/32). The data obtained in this study reveal the pathogenic potential of this pathogen and highlight the need for surveillance and monitoring.

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Dioctophymosis is a worldwide renal parasitosis caused by the Dioctophyma renale nematode, which results in progressive destruction of renal tissue. Aquatics annelids are considered the main intermediate hosts and the literature refers as permanent hosts of dogs, wild mammals and even humans. During procedures for population control of coatis (Nasua nasua) in the Ecological Park of Tietê (PET), was noticed the presence of parasitosis by D. renale. From 68 animals, males and females, young and adults, submitted to exploratory laparotomy, 51 were positive for the presence of worms, 9 were found only in the right kidney. In 10 cases, in addition to right kidney parasitism, worms were also observed in the abdominal cavity. In 24 cases D. renale was found only in the abdominal cavity and in 8 animals the right kidney was reduced to a small rigid structure. The study showed that the preferred site for parasitism of the worm, considered erratic, was the abdominal cavity in 66.66% of the cases.

CTX‐M‐type extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli clones have been increasingly reported worldwide. In this regard, although discussions of transmission routes of these bacteria are in evidence, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the epidemiological impacts of ESBL producers in wild animals. In this study, we have screened 90 wild animals living in a surrounding area of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan city in South America, to monitor the presence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative bacteria. Using a genomic approach, we have analysed eight ceftriaxone‐resistant E. coli. Resistome analyses revealed that all E. coli strains carried blaCTX‐M‐type genes, prevalent in human infections, besides other clinically relevant resistance genes to aminoglycosides, β‐lactams, phenicols, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin and quinolones. Additionally, E. coli strains belonged to international sequence types (STs) ST38, ST58, ST212, ST744, ST1158 and ST1251, and carried several virulence‐associated genes. Our findings suggest spread and adaptation of international clones of CTX‐M‐producing E. coli beyond urban settings, including wildlife from shared environments.

K lebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic bacteria that is a normal part of the nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal tract microbiome of humans and animals (1). The hypermucoviscous variant of K. pneumoniae (hvKp), initially described in Southeast Asia, has emerged as a pathogen affecting young and healthy persons worldwide (2). The development of prominent polysaccharide capsules associated with capsular serotypes K1 or K2 have been reported as the major virulence determinants for human hvKp in liver abscesses, perhaps because it seems to protect the bacteria from phagocytosis and prevents destruction by bactericidal serum factors (2). K. pneumoniae strains have also been associated with a variety of diseases in animals, especially in Old World (Africa, Asia, and Europe) and New World (Oceana, North America, and South America) nonhuman primates (3-5). Sudden death or various clinical signs, including anorexia, prostration, fever, cough, dyspnea, mucopurulent discharge, meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, and sepsis are strongly associated with sporadic infections of K. pneumoniae in common marmosets research colonies (5,6). Despite the well-recognized zoonotic importance of hvKp and the public health risk of emerging multidrug-resistant strains (7-9), information is incomplete about the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the etiologic agent essential to adequately diagnose and treat this pathogen in captive and wild nonhuman primates. The aim of this study was to report an epizootic among common marmosets in a wildlife rehabilitation center in Brazil and to describe the serotype, sequence typing, virulence properties, and resistance profile of the K. pneumoniae strains involved. The Study On February 10-11, 2019, a total of 11 captive marmosets (8 Callithrix penicillata, 2 C. jacchus, and 1 hybrid) died suddenly without clinical signs of disease. All of the animals were maintained in Parque Ecológico do Tietê, located in São Paulo municipality, São Paulo, Brazil, which is a center for receiving, rehabilitating, and referring wildlife. All animals had been in captivity 123-399 days. No new animals had been introduced into the cages in the previous 25 days. Each necropsy was performed <24 h after death in accordance with the Brazil Ministry of Health's guide for surveillance of epizootics in nonhuman primates (10). Tissue samples were preserved in phosphatebuffered formalin 10% and processed for routine histopathology and for 12 hours in refrigeration for microbiologic and molecular analyses. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of