Ocular ultrasound aspects and biometric values of the Striped owl are reported. The study's results provide means for various ocular measurements. The ultrasound is an easy and safe exam to be performed in the Striped owl's eyes.

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Application and development of new methods in caries prevention is of paramount importance to reduce the incidence of chronic cases of the caries disease and to preserve dental structure. In this work, we tested nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser on enamel surface examining the changes laser-induced by means SEM, EDS, and FTIR. SEM revealed, the existence of melted zone and bubble inclusions when 40 J/cm2 (τ=6 ns, 5 Hz) was applied on human sound enamel surface. The morphological alteration to 10 J/cm2 (τ=6 ns, 5 Hz) and to 20 J/cm2 (τ=200 ns, 7 Hz) no presented melting aspect, but a greater number of bubble inclusions. We have indicated that the Ca/P ratio increased to irradiation conditions employed here. In our previous study, the combination of the laser parameters not produce an excessive increase in temperature. The temperature variation was less than 2.5°C in the dental pulpal, following application of the energy density of 40 J/cm2. Our results suggest that nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser can be used to obtain minimal morphological alteration associated with a chemical reorganization enhancing the microhardness values and consequently inhibiting the acid dissolution by bacterial agents. In this work, the Vickers microhardness was quantified. Our results of FTIR analysis indicated that the laser effects occurring substantially in the organic compounds (such as water and proteins groups) and are reduced for mineral contend (such as phosphate and carbonate groups).

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Non-invasive methods such as X-ray Fluorescence has been applied to study of the distinct pathologies and contamination levels analysis in various biological tissues among them nails, hair, and tooth. On the other hand, several works have demonstrated that the laser could be induced chemical and morphological alterations on the enamel surface occupying an important role as co-adjuvant in the caries disease prevention. Here, we have combined X-ray fluorescence using Fundamental Parameters method aiming to evaluate the variation in the chemical contend. The Ca and P concentrations as well as the Ca/P ratio were estimated in sound human and bovine enamel surface by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). We also evaluated the effect of the lactic and the acetic acids on the sound and irradiated bovine enamel surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) verifying the acid attack changes in the sound and irradiated bovine enamel. The laser parameters applied produced lower ablation depths, but sufficient to induce compositional changes. Our results have indicating an alteration statically significative to Ca/P ratio and also indicated an increase in the Ca/P ratio for the irradiated groups in comparison to sound groups. We also verified that the acid attack is more pronounced to sound bovine enamel surface in relation to irradiated to the bovine enamel surface indicating that the nanosecond laser can be used to reduce the demineralization process. Ca / P ratio XRF analysis results of dental enamel surface to irradiation condition of 40 J/cm 2 (τ = 10 ns, repetition rate 5 Hz)

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