Abstract It is believed that the students’ low reading proficiency, as shown in their TOEIC scores, is due to their poor reading habit. One of the ways to overcome such a problem is by facilitating them with a lot of reading practices in an extensive reading program. Since today non-printed multimodal texts (NPMT) and Linear texts (LT) are available in the society, an experiment on which mode is most effective to enhance the students’ reading proficiency needs to be done. This study aims to investigate the effect of implementing non-printed multimodal text in an extensive reading program on the students’ reading comprehension. Two groups of students undertaking engineering major at a polytechnic in Surabaya, one group was exposed to NPMT and the other to LT in a one-semester extensive reading program, were chosen to be the subject of this quasi experimental study. A pretest and posttest on TOEIC were conducted to measure the students’ reading proficiency (only the reading scores of the test were analysed for the purpose of the study). The t-test analysis using SPPS for windows 23 shows that there is a significant difference in achievement between those who are exposed to NPMT and LT after the reading program ends (p-value = 0.010). The NPMT group gain better reading proficiency than that of the LT. It means the use of non-printed multimodal text in extensive reading can boost the students’ reading comprehension.

Writing is a language skill which is relatively difficult to acquire. A number of efforts have been made to develop the students' writing skill, among others is by applying different approaches to the teaching of writing. This article discusses the interactional approach to the teaching of writing and its implications for second language acquisition.

People say that the teaching of English in Indonesia is unsuccessful. Senior High School graduates, after having been studying English for six years, are unable to use the language in daily communication. One of the causes of the failure, in my opinion, is our classroom 'culture' that is not conducive to the learning process.In the classroom students are supposed to sit nicely, listen to the teacher attentively and are obedient to him. The teacher is the only one who is supposed to know everything and therefore becomes the one who dominates the classroom. If this culture, especially during the English class, is not reformed, I think, whatever efforts undertaken to improve the quality of the teaching will he futile.English classroom culture should he different from other classes since the objective of the teaching is also different. An English classroom, therefore, should be a lively one in which students have the chance to practise the language they are learning, and the teacher is the one who facilitates the learning process.

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan mengurutkan pola bentuk 3 dimensi geometri menggunakan media papan flanel pada anak kelompok A1 TK Cemara Dua Surakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok A1 TK Cemara Dua Surakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 11 anak (6 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, tes unjuk kerja dan dokumentasi. Validitas data kuantitatif menggunakan validitas konstruk. Validitas data kualitatif menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif komparatif dan analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan kemampuan mengurutkan pola bentuk 3 dimensi geometri dengan menggunakan media papan flanel dari pratindakan ke siklus I dan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Ketuntasan pada pratindakan sebesar 18,18%, siklus I 45,45%, dan siklus II 81,82%. Peningkatan tersebut dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya kemampuan mengurutkan pola bentuk 3 dimensi geometri anak dalam mengurutkan 3 pola secara berurutan berdasarkan pada bentuk dan warnanya, dan anak mampu memperkirakan urutan selanjutnya dengan melengkapi urutan pola yang hilang berdasarkan bentuk dan warnanya.

This research explored how the memes were created with multimodal elements that could make meaning to create a humorous sense and function as speech acts. With the complexity of meaning-making, nowadays, it had become a trend that people could communicate online through Memes. Semiotics provides how the combination of modes, media, and potential meanings, that were applied to make meaning in memes. At the same time, pragmatics proposes details on how memes can function as speech acts. This research adopted a qualitative method using multimodal analysis by Leeuwen (2005) and speech acts theory by Bach and Harnish (1980) that were employed as the theoretical framework. A total of 16 memes were retrieved and captured as JPG files from social media and other internet websites; therefore, documentation was the only technique used in this research. The results of the study showed that (1) the integration of semiotic resources such as mode, media, and meaning potentials in memes aided the readers to understand the background knowledge of memes (2) two types of communicative illocutionary acts were found in the memes: constative and directive illocutionary acts which function to express the emotion or opinions and question something (3) the effects of using internet memes could be seen through verbal and non-verbal perlocutionary acts which showed an agreement and had the same feeling as in the memes. Finally, the memes containing multimodal components composed of semiotic resources interacted creatively to make humorous sense, and it could aid the readers to communicate online.