This article presents an analysis of the nature of propositions made in President Trump's persuasive, yet controversial speech on Jerusalem from the perspective of mood analysis. The interpersonal relationships between the speaker and the audience concerning the building of ethos, pathos, and logos are revealed. It applies a discourse analysis with a qualitative approach to see how the President grammatically composed his ethos, pathos, and logos clauses. The results show that in the speech: 1) the ethos clause was built by employing the declarative mood functioning as a statement to show his credibility; 2) the pathos clauses were composed by implementing two moods: mostly declaratives which mainly functioned as statements, and few imperative moods to arouse both positive and negative feelings of the audience; 3) and the logos clauses were composed by using the declarative moods functioning as statements to give bases for his argumentation. The high use of declarative moods indicated that he positioned himself as an information bearer, to shorten the gap between him and his audience. Grammatically, the controversial side of the speech was mostly featured by several clauses containing negative elements such as blaming and negative polarity, especially when talking about previous US presidents and governments.

An increasing number of researchers have adopted blended learning approaches for the purpose of EFL teachers' professional development. Current empirical study has been sparse regarding the investigation of interaction quality. This study attempts to address those weaknesses, with the objectives of systematically identifying the quality of interactions in both blended and traditional contexts. A sample of 1000 EFL students from various secondary schools at a provincial level was randomly assigned to rate 120 EFL teachers who attend a year blended professional training program using an online (OLIQ) and traditional (TLIQ) learning interaction quality scales to draw the perceived interaction qualities. After distributing the questionnaires, the data were analysed by applying structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicated that the one-year blended teacher professional development program showed a significant influence on their traditional and online teaching interaction qualities. Student-Content (SC) dimension became the highest marker of interaction quality in online instruction settings, while Emotional Support (ES) became the highest marker of interaction quality in the traditional face-to-face instruction settings. Some practical recommendations in light of the findings are offered, such as in terms of online material development and online feedback and assessment.

This research aims to investigate the types of strategic self-regulation (S2R) among multilingual learners in polyglot Indonesia Community. There are eight respondents from Polyglot Indonesia Community who have multilingual competency are interviewed to gain the data of the study. This study employed qualitative approach using case study analysis. The result showed us that the respondents of this research, the polyglot, mostly employed all strategies, consist of cognitive metacognitive strategies, affective meta-affective strategies, sociocultural interaction and meta-SI strategies. But some of the respondents do not use some specific strategies, especially affective strategies and meta-affective strategies. Based on the conclusions above, it can be inferred that the use strategic self-regulation (S2R) among multilingual learners in polyglot Indonesia Community are still highly use, even though some strategies were not employed

Hedges are linguistic features that commonly used to lessen the impact of an utterance due to restriction between speakers and interlocutors. Yet, this function might be different depends on the content of conversation and who the speaker is. Some linguists claim that hedges are associated with women's language. However, as a matter of fact, these features also appear in men's speech with different functions, similar to women's one. This study is conducted to examine the presence of possible different functions of hedges and the impact of them toward the interlocutors' responds in the speech of male and female English Department students. To do so, two discussion sessions and a casual interview are done. The finding reveals that there are different types and functions of hedges employed by male and female. Male tends to employ hedges to express uncertainty, selfdisclosure, and politeness while female tends to employ hedges to convey certainty and sustain interpersonal relationship. Moreover, the overuse of hedges creates a bad face of the speaker. The findings suggest that men and women may utilize hedges when communication to represents the state of their mind. However, wise use of these expressions should be considered to avoid negative labels for the speakers.

This study is to reveal the types of mood and their speech function realizations in a text (an article) issued in Rumiyah magazine entitled ‘The Kafir's blood is halal for you, so shed it’. A discourse analysis with a qualitative approach is applied. The results of the analysis are then correlated with Kellermann and Cole's classification of compliance-gaining strategy to see the persuasion strategies applied. The results show that Rumiyah , in this text, mainly employs declarative mood to function as statements of opinion, statements of fact, and indirect directives. In terms of Kellermann and Cole's classification, the speech function realizations indicates six strategies of persuasion: The 'nature of situation' to deliver its opinions; the ‘authority appeal’ to present that the opinions and arguments come from very powerful sources; the ‘duty’ to show that hating and killing mushrikin (non-Muslims) is an honorable obligation of a Muslim; the 'logical empirical' to clarify and explain Allah's or the Prophet's words or statements; the 'assertion' to state forcefully an obligation or a prohibition of doing something; and the ‘moral appeal’ to get the readers' compliance by appealing to their moral standards. In this text, the statement of fact (TSSS technique) becomes the key element in persuading the readers.

<p class="0abstract">The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has brought the dependence on the online activities as new behaviors in various aspects of society including education. It defines the reliance upon internet access for learning practices and the tendency toward learning autonomy. Yet, the sudden emergence of the pandemic causes problematic circumstances for learners. Not all learners are ready to be autonomous and to have internet infrastructure. Within this context, the current study addresses learners’ attitudes toward learning autonomy and examines what hinder them to be autonomous. As a descriptive research, this study involves 101 respondents living in Bitung city, a fast growing and harbor city in North Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. They are asked to fill the kind of Likert questionnaire which constitutes the source of data which are statistically analyzed. The results indicates that learners dominantly show positive attitude toward the idea of being autonomous in this pandemic era. In addition, several factors such as bad signal, distraction, self-discipline and lack of motivation occupy the dominant factors hinder learners to establish learning autonomy. <strong></strong></p>

<span>This study attempts to compare between Anies Rasyid Baswedan and Recep Tayyip Erdogan in terms of speech act as their reaction of the attacks in Christchurch New Zealand particularly: a) the kinds of expressive speech act used; b) the intended meaning of expressive speech act; and c) the personality differences between them seen the use of speech act. The qualitative method was used to fulfil the three objectives of the study. The data was collected from document that was taken from the utterances used by the two public figures. It was transcribed and then analysed descriptively. The results show that the speakers used three kinds of expressive speech acts, namely: condoling, deploring, and lamenting. Condoling is an expressive speech acts were mostly used to communicate by the speakers. The intended meaning of expressive speech act used by the speakers are determined by interpreting and determining what speakers means in the context. In addition, the personality characters of Anies Rasyid Baswedan are kind, clever, and soft, whereas, the personality characters of Recep Tayyip Erdogan are courageous, influential person, and clever.</span>

Technological developments in the 21st-century impacted teaching and learning English. one of the impacts of this technological development is reading activities and competencies, reading experienced a phase of change from printed text to digital text. The change from Printed text to digital text requires new literacies, such as locating information and synthesizing online information. This study aims to investigate teachers' perceptions of reading digital texts in ELT. About twenty-three ELT teachers, both in junior and senior high schools around East Java, were involved in this study. An online open questionnaire was distributed to portray ELT teachers' attitudes, knowledge, and practices in reading digital text. The study reveals that all teachers have a positive attitude toward the practice of reading digital text. However, most teachers have misconceptions about knowledge and practice in implementing reading digital text activities.  Surprisingly, all teachers in this study claimed that they never received a particular workshop to read digital text activities for English class.  Hopefully, this study's result could contribute to the ELT curriculum in responding to the need to facilitate the new literacy in (online) reading and teacher professional development to develop teachers' reading digital text competencies. However, teachers as facilitators in classroom learning activities must recognize new literacy in online reading (especially reading digital text) to help students achieve reading competence in today's digital-based information era.