Proprioceptive adaptation to prismatic displacement and resultant intermanual transfer were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, magnitude of adaptation and transfer were assessed as a result of the reduction of felt sensation via hypnotic anesthesia in an adapting limb. Such anesthesia reduced the magnitude of adaptation in that limb and resultant transfer in the nonadapting limb to a nonsignificant level. Such was not the case when the adapting limb was nonanesthetic. In Experiment 2, adaptation and transfer magnitude were assessed as the result of anesthetic induction in a nonadapting limb. When this was the case, adaptation was produced in the adapting limb but not in the anesthetized, nonadapting limb. The results of the two experiments generally point to proprioception as being the major source of input to the production of intermanual transfer in a prismatic adaptation task. 113When subjects adapt to a prismatically displaced environment, a portion of the adaptation magnitude is represented by a component responsible for felt limb location or orientation (

Data were collected via the Internet on sexual behaviors of Indian men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 171); these data were compared to online American MSM (n = 682). Among Indian MSM, 51% had never been tested for HIV, 100% believed themselves to be HIV-uninfected, and 22% (secondary Internet male partners) to 43% (primary male partners) reported not using condoms during last anal intercourse. While U.S. MSM were more likely to not use condoms (42% for secondary Internet partners to 67% for primary male partners), most (88%) had been tested for HIV (.0001 ≤ p ≤ .002, all comparisons). Low rates of HIV testing, beliefs about being HIV-uninfected, and significant levels of unsafe anal intercourse could fuel the spread of infection among Indian MSM.

Does the time of the academic quarter in which a subject participates in an electrodermal habituation study have an effect upon electrodermal response components—e.g., skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR), and spontaneous fluctuation (SF) activity? Four groups of 24 undergraduates (12 males and 12 females each) participated in an habituation session consisting of a 10‐min adaptation period and 15, 5‐sec bursts of 85 dB white noise, during the first, fourth, seventh, or tenth week of an eleven‐week quarter. Predictably, all three dependent variables were affected by the time of quarter (TOQ) manipulation and/or by the interaction of this variable with the sex of the participant. Relationships between three meteorological variables—temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure—and the electrodermal variables were also quantified. Several of the correlations between these meteorological variables and the electrodermal measures were found to be significantly greater than zero; however, when employed as covariates, these meteorological variables failed to significantly modify the effects of the independent variable manipulations upon the electrodermal measures. Results are discussed in terms of the need to adequately control for this potentially confounding variable in electrodermal research.

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To test the hypothesis that under controlled conditions respondent's gender and college major are related to heterosexism, four groups (n = 40 each)-male psychology majors, female psychology majors, male non-psychology majors, and female non-psychology majors-were formed from an initial sample of convenience (N = 1,947) of urban university students. Respondents were matched for age, race, college level, closeness of relationships to lesbian and gay men, religious affiliation, and religious attendance. Each student was requested to complete the Herek Attitude Scale towards Lesbians and Gay Men and these scores were subjected to a three factor (2x2x2) mixed analysis of variance. The three factors were respondent's gender, respondent's college major, and target's gender with repeated measures on target's gender. A significant respondent's gender by target's gender F(1/156) = 50.59, p < .001 interaction was observed. Male respondent's attitude toward gay males was significantly more negative than that of the other groups which did not differ significantly from one another. Significant main effects due to respondent's gender F(1/156) = 11.9, p < .001 and target's gender F(1/156) = 43.1, p < .001 were also observed. No significant college major effect F(1/156) = 1.60, p >.05 or interaction was found.

The present study was designed to determine the significance of the experimenter's sex on the subject's skin conductance responsiveness and to ascertain the nature and extent of sex differences in basal skin conductance, skin conductance response (SCR) magnitude, and spontaneous skin resistance (SRR) activity. The responses of 30 male and 30 female Ss were recorded by 3 male and 3 female experimental assistants. Following a brief adaptation period, all Ss received 20 5‐sec bursts of 75 dB white noise. Variable stimulus intervals were employed. Male Ss serving in the female E condition evidenced significantly higher basal conductance levels and a more rapid decrease in basal conductance levels over trials. Skin resistance response magnitude data showed a significant Experimenter Sex X Trials interaction such that all Ss serving in the female E condition failed to habituate. An analysis of spontaneous SRR activity showed that Ss serving in the other‐sex E condition emitted more spontaneous responses. All Ss showed a significant decrease in spontaneous activity across trials.

The loss of sodium via the urine in adrenalectomized rats is associated with increased salt appetite which is usually sufficient to keep the animal free from the symptoms of salt deficiency. Richter (1947) concluded that when a particular dietary item is missing. the rat promptly demonstrates a "specific hunger" for that substance. Others have argued that compensatory appetitive choices do not necessarily occur immediately following the development of a nutritional need (Scott & Verney. 1947). Harriman (1955) reinforced these conclusions by showing that rats given the opportunity to establish a strong preoperative preference for sugar over salt maintained the sugar preference subsequent to adrenalectomy and failed to manifest the usual increase in salt consumption. Even in the presence of an NaCI solution. several adrenalectomized rats died and survivors displayed marked weight losses. Since these results contradict most of the popular thinking about salt seeking in the adrenalectomized rat and. indeed. question the validity of the specific hunger hypothesis. further investigation seemed warranted.The purpose of the present study was to test the prediction that animals given the opportunity to establish a preference for a nonnutrient sweet solution. such as saccharine. would maintain this preference subsequent to adrenalectomy. Saccharine was cbosen so that hypoglycemia (one of the effects of adrenalectomy) would not be reflected in the choice of solution. SUIII.cts II" AIIIII'ltllThe 24 male albino rats of the Dublin strain (Dublin. Va.) were 120 days old at the start of experimentation.All Sa were maintained ad lib on a Na deficient diet (Hartroft formula. General Biochemicals) which contained 4.3 mg of Na per 100 g. The standard food cup at the rear of each cage was filled daily.The experimental animals received saccharine and salt solutions preoperatively while the controls received only distilled water. Concentrations of 0.9% NaCI and 0.1% calcium saccharine were mixed on a

The present study was designed to ascertain whether racial differences exist in the several components of the skin resistance response and to assess the importance of the role of the experimenter's race in determining the subject's responsiveness. Basal measures, GSR magnitude, and spontaneous GSR activity of 12 Negro and 12 Caucasian Ss were recorded by 2 Negro and 2 Caucasian experimental assistants matched for age, physical stature, and dress. Following a 15 min resting phase, all Ss received 14 1‐sec bursts of 75 dB white noise. Variable stimulus intervals were employed. Significant subject‐race effects, but no experimenter‐race effects, were found for base level measures. Negro Ss evidenced significantly higher basal resistance levels. Conversely, experimenter‐race effects, but no subject‐race effects, were apparent in the GSR magnitude data. White Ss showed a significantly slower rate of response magnitude decrease over trials when paired with black Es. A significant decrease in spontaneous activity over time was observed for all Ss.