ObjectiveIsoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets.MethodsThirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of 365±10 kg and mean initial age of 11±3 months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized.ResultsDry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments.ConclusionSanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.

ABSTRACT. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the nutritional composition, dry matter (DM) recovery and aerobic stability of winter cereal silages under different storage periods. The materials used were wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), white oat (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), black oat (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) and triticale (X Triticosecale IPR 11), in three storage periods: 60, 120 and 180 days. The experiment was conducted in a 5x3 factorial, completely randomized design, consisting of five forage species and three storage periods, with five replicates. In nutritional assessment, barley silage presented low values of acid detergent fiber (ADF; 331.2, 355.2 and 378.5 g kg DM -1 for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high total digestible nutrients (TDN; 558.2, 544.7 and 531.6 g kg DM -1 for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high DM recovery and aerobic stability. Wheat and triticale showed a decrease in DM recovery with the increase in storage length, although showed high aerobic stability. The storage period had a different effect on forages; however, storage period above 60 days provided no benefits for the variables evaluated.Keywords: storage, aerobic deterioration, DM recovery.Composição nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cereais de inverno com diferentes tempos de estocagem RESUMO. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a composição nutricional, a recuperação de matéria seca (MS) e a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cereais de inverno submetidas a diferentes tempos de estocagem. Os materiais utilizados foram o trigo (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), cevada (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), aveia branca (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), aveia preta (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) e triticale (X Triticosecale cv. IPR 11), em três tempos de estocagem: 60, 120 e 180 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5x3. Na avaliação nutricional, a silagem de cevada apresentou baixos teores de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA; 331; 355 e 378 g kg MS -1 , para 60, 120 e 180 dias, respectivamente) e altos de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT; 558; 544 e 531 g kg MS -1 para 60, 120 e 180 dias, respectivamente), além de alta recuperação de MS e estabilidade aeróbia. O trigo e o triticale apresentaram decréscimo na recuperação de MS com o aumento dos dias de estocagem, embora tenham apresentado alta estabilidade aeróbia. O tempo de estocagem influenciou de maneira distinta as forrageiras, no entanto, tempos de estocagem acima de 60 dias não proporcionaram benefícios para as variáveis avaliadas.Palavras-chave: armazenamento, deterioração aeróbia, recuperação de MS.

he objective of this study was to evaluate the production and physical composition of three maize hybrids (Zea mays, L.) for silage production at six maturity stages. The hybrids evaluated were Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The mean plant heights observed at harvest time (2.33 m, 2.45 m and 2.40 m) demonstrated that all materials were medium-sized hybrids. A positive correlation was observed between plant height and height of the ear insertion, varying from 0.86 for the Feroz VIP hybrid to 0.88 for the Maximus VIP3 hybrid, but these two variants had no correlation with the productivity data. There was a significant difference for the production of fresh biomass at the R1, R2 and R5 stages, with Maximus VIP3 obtaining the highest yields. The proportion of grains in the physical composition of plant varied between hybrids, where Maximus VIP3 and Defender VIP (482.2 and 461.7 g kg-1, respectively) were superior to Feroz VIP (429.7 g kg-1). With the advancement of maturity, there was a decreasing linear behavior for stem and leaf participation, with reductions of 3.8 g kg-1 and 4.5 g kg-1, respectively, per day (R2 = 0.79 and 0.80, respectively), quadratic behavior for bracts and corncob and a linear increase in grain participation in the plant structure, with an increase of 7.7 g kg-1 per day (R2 = 0.88). In general, the three hybrids present good characteristics for silage production and permit harvesting in the hard grain stage, allowing the addition of starch in relation to the farinaceous grain stage.

This study aimed to evaluate the production, the physical and nutritional composition of forage and silage, as well as the profitability and aerobic stability of different winter cereals harvested at the stage of floury grain. The experimental design was a 2x7 factorial randomized block design, with two forms of foods (fresh forage and silage) and seven genotypes, with four replications. The genotypes used were the white oat (Avena sativa) cv. URS Taura; barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. BRS Brau and cv. BRS Cauê; wheat (Tricticum aestivum) cv. CD 1440; rye (Secale cereal) cv. BR 01; and triticale (X Triticosecale) cv. IPR 111 and cv. BRS Saturno. The materials were harvested during the stage of floury grain. In forage evaluation, rye showed the highest (P < 0,05) dry biomass production (7,100 kg ha-1), but with a higher percentage of stem (46.7%) in dry matter, implying higher ADF (44.69%) in relation to other cereals. The forage of the white oats cv. URS Taura and triticale cv. IPR 111 provided the best nutritional quality compared to the other evaluated cereals, but in the resulting silage, only triticale remained with forage-like characteristics. It was clear the superiority of barley cv. BRS Cauê, wheat cv. CD 1440 and rye cv. BR 01 regarding the maintenance of aerobic stability (160 hours), while the other silages lost their stability within 32 hours. Rye cv. BR 01 and triticale IPR 111 presented the highest production of recovered dry biomass (5,402 and 5,352 kg ha-1 respectively), barley cv. BRS Cauê and oat URS Taura provided higher cost of production per kg-1 dry biomass, both with R$ 0.29 and higher cost per kg of recovered dry biomass R$ 0.45 and 0.37 respectively. There are several factors to consider when choosing the winter species for silage production, and future studies can fully elucidate these factors.

RESUMOO sucesso do sistema de produção de bovinos de corte tem como alicerce a produção de volumoso de qualidade, visto que impacta no maior ou menor desempenho produtivo dos animais e, consequentemente, no retorno econômico ao pecuarista. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça e dos componentes não-carcaça de novilhos confinados recebendo silagem de milho submetida a dois tipos de vedação, sendo: VCsilagem de milho conservada com polietileno tipo dupla face com espessura de 110 μm (vedação convencional) e DVsilagem de milho conservada com polietileno tipo dupla face com espessura de 110 μm sobreposto a outro polietileno translúcido com espessura de 110 μm (dupla vedação). A determinação da relação volumoso concentrado revelou que o sistema com dupla vedação favoreceu a menor participação da fração concentrada neste tratamento (45,4 vs 48,3%) com consequente aumento no consumo de matéria seca diário e em relação ao peso vivo (10,04 vs 9,28 kg), (2,30 vs 2,21%), respectivamente, e aumento no ganho diário de peso vivo (1,810 vs 1,565 kg). Quanto a avaliação comportamental dos novilhos, aqueles que receberam silagem com sistema de dupla vedação passaram menos tempo em alimentação (3,52 vs 4,60 horas dia -1 ) e em ruminação (7,07 vs 7,94 horas dia -1 ) e mais tempo em ócio (13,22 vs 11,28 horas -1 ). Em relação as características de carcaça e os componentes não-integrantes de carcaça, não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Novilhos que receberam silagem com sistema de dupla vedação apresentaram melhor desempenho produtivo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: consumo, características de carcaça, avaliação comportamental, ganho médio diário. ABSTRACTSystem production success of beef cattle is based on forage quality, since it impacts in greater or lesser way the performance and, consequently, on the economic return. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate productive performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics and the noncarcass components of confined steers receiving corn silage submitted to two types of sealing strategy: VC -corn silage preserved with polyethylene Double-sided with a thickness of 110 μm (conventional sealing) and DV -preserved corn silage with double-sided polyethylene with a thickness of 110 μm superimposed on another translucent polyethylene with a thickness of 110 μm (double sealing). The determination of forage concentrate ratio revealed that the double-sealed system favored the lower participation of the concentrated fraction in this treatment (45.4 vs 48.3%), with a consequent increase in daily dry matter intake (10,04 vs 9.28 kg), and in relation to live weight (2.30 vs 2.21%), and increase in average daily gain (1.810 vs 1.565 kg). As for behavioral evaluation, animals receiving double-sealing system silage spent less time feeding (3.52 vs 4.60 hours day -1 ) and rumination (7.07 vs 7.94 hours day -1 ), and more leisure time (13.22 vs 11.28 hours -1 ). Regarding...

No abstract

Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steersEfeito associativo da monensina sódica à virginiamicina e/ou óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho de novilhos terminados em confinamento respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day -1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P> 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination. Key words: Ionophores. Antibiotics. Plant extracts. Performance enhancers. Os dados referentes à digestibilidade aparente, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça também não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, exceto para espessura de gordura que foi superior quando associado qualquer um dos aditivos à MO, e peso de fazenda que foi superior nas associações que continham VI. A associação de MO+VI ou MO+OE+VI mostraram-se melhores no presente trabalho em relação a MO+OE ou somente MO nas rações dos novilhos em terminação. Palavras-chave: Ionóforos. Antibióticos. Extratos vegetais. Melhoradores de desempenho.

ABSTRACT. Enzymes can be an interesting additive in high energy diets for feedlot cattle. However, literature is inconsistent on this subject. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate animal performance of feedlot bulls receiving high energy diet, composed of a mixture of 85% whole corn grain and 15% proteinmineral-vitamin nucleus, without or with xylanase included in the diets. Diets consisted of: CON -diet without enzymes (Control) and ENZ -diet with enzymes (5 g animal day -1). Thirty-two bulls were used, with an average age of 11 ± 2 months, average initial weight of 365 ± 5 kg, and finished for 119 days in feedlot. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and eight replications, where each replication was represented by a stall with two animals. ENZ increased the weight gain (1.69 vs. 1.33 kg day -1) and improved the feed conversion (4.60 vs. 6.03 kg -1 ) in the adaptation period of the animals. Animals receiving ENZ increased 1.65% of carcass yield and were 7.57% more efficient in the conversion of dry matter consumed into carcass gain in relation to CON. Carcass traits of feedlot-finished bulls were not altered by inclusion of enzymes. Xylanase-complex could increase efficiency in feedlot bulls.Keywords: beef cattle, feed additive, ruminant nutrition.Eficiência do complexo xilanase em dietas de alta energia para touros terminados em confinamento RESUMO. As enzimas podem ser aditivos interessantes em dietas de alta energia para gado em confinamento. No entanto, a literatura é inconsistente para este assunto. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de touros em confinamento com dietas de alta densidade energética, composto apenas de uma mistura de 85% de grãos de milho inteiros e 15% de núcleo proteico-vitamínico-mineral, com ou sem inclusão de enzimas à base de xilanase. Os tratamentos foram CON -dieta sem enzimas (controle) e ENZ -dieta com enzimas (5 g animal dia -1 ). Foram utilizados 32 touros, com idade média de 11 ± 2, peso inicial médio de 365 kg ± 5 e terminados por 119 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, consistindo em dois tratamentos e oito repetições, em que cada repetição foi representada por uma baia com dois animais. ENZ aumentou o ganho de peso (1,69 vs. 1,33 kg dia -1 ) e melhorou a conversão alimentar (4,60 vs. 6,03 kg -1 ) na fase de adaptação dos animais em confinamento. Os animais que receberam ENZ aumentaram 1,65% do rendimento de carcaça e foram 7,57% mais eficientes na transformação da matéria seca consumida no ganho de carcaça em relação ao CON. As características de carcaça de touros terminados em confinamento não foram alteradas em função da inclusão de enzimas. O complexo de xilanase pode aumentar eficiência de touros de confinamento.Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte, aditivo alimentar, nutrição de ruminantes.