T HE presented materials deal with the topical problem of rhizogenesis induction and rooting of genus paulownia plants obtained by in vitro method. According to the research results, the optimal composition of the nutrient medium for the regenerants cultivation on the stage of rhizogenesis induction has been defined, the technologically optimal age of the regenerants for the in vitro -ex vitro transition, the depth of the seedlings, the number of post-septic nipples has been established. The obtained results allow to improve the technological process at the stages of rhizogenesis induction and plants rooting during the post-septic adaptation.
One of the main requirements of the new stone fruit varieties recommended for commercial cultivation is a compact crown shape that allows for greater plant density and easier crown maintenance. The aim of the research was to establish the growth processes of the above-ground parts of cherry trees in varieties of different ripening periods. The article presents the results of studies of the features of apical and lateral growth of sweet cherry trees. Biological and varietal features of tree growth strength, growth and total length of annual shoots are determined. The dependence of tree trunk growth on apical growth force is established. According to the results of research, sweet cherry varieties are grouped according to the strength of growth: the vigorous varieties are Amazonka, Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana, Mliyivska zhovta; the semi dwarf are Aboryhenka, Alyonushka, Drohana zhovta, Mirazh; the dwarfing are Biryuza, Donetskyy uholyok, Melitopolska krapchasta, Meotida. The smallest increase in trunk diameter was found for the dwarfing variety Biryuza, and the largest – for the variety Drohana zhovta. The highest yield load per unit cross-sectional area of the trunk was recorded for the variety Donetskyy uholyok, the lowest – for Drohana zhovta. The amount of growth in the trunk diameter was inversely dependent on a load of trees with the crop and the strength of apical growth of sweet cherry trees. The features of shoot-forming ability allow characterising the shape of the crown of cherry trees: round – Donetskyy uholyok, Amazonka; high-round – varieties of Aborigenka, Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana; wide-pyramidal – Alyonushka, Drohana zhovta, Melitopolska krap-chasta; pyramidal – Mliyivska zhovta, Mirazh; low – Meotida, Biryuza. Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana, Mirazh, Melitopolska krapchasta and Drohana zhovta varieties have high shootability; the Mliyivska zhovta, Aboryhenka, Meotida, Amazonka varieties have medium shootability; Alyonushka, Biryuza, Donetskyy uholyok varieties have low shootability
The relevance of the research topic. On the recent methods of biotechnology are increasingly used in plant breeding and seed production. Herbaceous plants such as strawberries, potatoes, a vegetable, some medicinal and others are capable of vegetative propagation the traditional methods of culture, successfully introduced in both in vitro and can achieve a high rate of reproduction. Modern plant biotechnology – the sum of the technologies developed in molecular and cell biology of plants – a new stage in the development of the technology of plant breeding. With these improved characteristics may occur at the level of individual genes and individual genes that determine a specific trait, can be identified. They may be the final selection, they can be isolated, insert, delete, or modify the genotype or variety. Goal. Identify the features of the manifestation of economically valuable features and decorative properties of Callistephus chinensis and the inclusion of the best varieties in the biotech link, their adaptation to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and their further use in landscaping. Methods. Laboratory – determination of seed germination; mathematical and statistical - for processing the reliability of the obtained research results. Results. The nutrient medium for growing plant tissues and cells, by analogy with the medium for culturing animal tissues, should contain all that the tissues in the plant organism receive from xylem and phloem currents of substances. However, in practice it has been found that vegetable juices cannot serve as a complete nutrient medium for growing isolated tissues and cells. This manifests the specificity of the receipt, transportation and especially the redistribution of nutrients in the plant. Based on the analysis, research was conducted to study the possibility of mass off-season vegetative propagation of plants of Callistephus chinensis in vitro. Practical recommendations on the selection of sterilizer, sterilization, nutrient medium and for the adaptation period of the best genotypes of this culture have been developed. As a result of the conducted researches the methods of selection of the initial plant material of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) and its surface sterilization, modification of existing aseptic culture methods have been studied and mastered. The morphogenetic potential of explants from different plant organs was investigated and selection of nutrient medium and study of the influence of plant growth regulators and physical parameters on the process of morphogenesis was carried out. The features of regeneration of isolated explants depending on the composition of the nutrient medium and selection of conditions for obtaining self-clones of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) were studied. Key words: in vitro, plant biotechnology, Callistephus Chinensis, nutrient medium, rhizogenesis.
The purpose of the research was to develop and scientifically substantiate the system of nutrition of winter triticale crops to optimize their production process and increase plant productivity in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The highest number of grains in the ear of the main and lateral stems of winter triticale was in the variants where foliar nutrition with a mixture of carbamide, magnesium sulfate and complex fertilizer Ferkrystal Summum during the 31st and 39th microphases and the variants where the third foliar nutrition during the 73-th microphase on the background of root application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of 150 kg/ha was conducted. In these variants, the number of grains in the ear on average over the years and variants for pre-sowing fertilization was 40.6 and 40.0 pieces, respectively, which is 11.2 and 11.5%, respectively, more than in the control. Carrying out three foliar nutrition with a mixture of carbamide, magnesium sulfate and complex fertilizer Fercrystal Summum on the background of root nutrition of ammonium nitrate during the 22nd microphase provided an increase in grain weight from the ear and lateral stems of winter triticale compared to the control (application of ammonium nitrate at the dose of 150 kg/ha on frozen thawed soil) by 0.24 and 0.23 g, respectively, or by 14.8 and 15.4%. The studied variants of pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers significantly affected the parameters of productive plant stand (the number of plants and lateral productive stems), while nutrition provided significant changes in the parameters of grain productivity of winter triticale plants.On the basis of the researches, during winter triticale cultivation, the farms in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are recommended to carry out pre-sowing application of ammophos (N 12 P 52 ), to apply ammonium nitrate (N 50 ) for roots in the 22nd microphase in spring and carry out two foliar nutrition in the 31st and 39th microphases with a mixture of carbamide (N 10 ), hepatic magnesium sulfate (1.5 kg/ha) and complex water-soluble fertilizer Ferkrystal Summum.
2 Білоцерківський національний аграрний університет, пл. Соборна, 8/1, м. Біла Церква, Київська обл., 09117, Україна Мета. Визначити економічну та енергетичну ефективність агротехнологічних прийомів вирощування сочевиці. Методи. Польові та розрахунково-економічні. Результати. Наведено показники ефективності вирощування сочевиці залежно від впливу строків сівби, дії мікродобрив, регуляторів росту та їх поєднання. Встановлено, що застосування регуляторів росту на посівах ранніх строків сівби сприяє отриманню максимального рівня врожайності -до 2,37 т/га (Стимпо). З огляду на вартість врожаю сочевиці, витрати та врожайність розраховано економічну ефективність вирощування культури. Найзатратнішими були варіанти застосування мікродобрив та регуляторів росту, оскільки затрати на гектар площі становили від 9,36 тис. грн у варіанті Реаком-СР-Бобові + Регоплант до 9,41 тис. грн -Квантум-Бобові + Стимпо. Однак, застосування додаткових агрозаходів дало змогу сформувати найвищий рівень прибутку за 1-го строку сівби у варіанті Стимпо -78,51 тис. грн/га, за 2-го строку -у варіанті Реаком-СР-Бобові + Стимпо -65,36 тис. грн/га. Отже, за сівби в другий строк, для отримання високого врожаю посіви слід обробляти мікродобривами та регуляторами росту і кращими є поєднання: Квантум-Бобові + Регоплант чи Реаком-СР-Бобові + Стимпо. Коефіцієнт енергетичної ефективності у варіанті із застосуванням регулятора росту Стимпо був на 4,6 % більше від показників контрольного варіанту 1-го строку сівби. Висновки. Економічно доцільнішим є вирощування сочевиці за раннього строку сівби із застосуванням регулятора росту Стимпо. Зокрема, у цьому варіанті найвища вартість продукції -87,69 тис. грн, найнижча собівартість -3,87 тис. грн/т та максимальний прибуток -78,51 тис. грн/га. За пізнішого строку сівби для отримання високих економічних показників варто застосовувати Реаком-СР-Бобові + Стимпо: вартість продукції -74,74 тис. грн, собівартість -4,64 тис. грн/т та прибуток -65,36 тис. грн/га. Ключові слова: сочевиця, строки сівби, мікродобрива, регулятори росту, врожайність, коефіцієнт енергетичної ефективності, економічна ефективність.
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