The relevance of the research topic. On the recent methods of biotechnology are increasingly used in plant breeding and seed production. Herbaceous plants such as strawberries, potatoes, a vegetable, some medicinal and others are capable of vegetative propagation the traditional methods of culture, successfully introduced in both in vitro and can achieve a high rate of reproduction. Modern plant biotechnology – the sum of the technologies developed in molecular and cell biology of plants – a new stage in the development of the technology of plant breeding. With these improved characteristics may occur at the level of individual genes and individual genes that determine a specific trait, can be identified. They may be the final selection, they can be isolated, insert, delete, or modify the genotype or variety. Goal. Identify the features of the manifestation of economically valuable features and decorative properties of Callistephus chinensis and the inclusion of the best varieties in the biotech link, their adaptation to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and their further use in landscaping. Methods. Laboratory – determination of seed germination; mathematical and statistical - for processing the reliability of the obtained research results. Results. The nutrient medium for growing plant tissues and cells, by analogy with the medium for culturing animal tissues, should contain all that the tissues in the plant organism receive from xylem and phloem currents of substances. However, in practice it has been found that vegetable juices cannot serve as a complete nutrient medium for growing isolated tissues and cells. This manifests the specificity of the receipt, transportation and especially the redistribution of nutrients in the plant. Based on the analysis, research was conducted to study the possibility of mass off-season vegetative propagation of plants of Callistephus chinensis in vitro. Practical recommendations on the selection of sterilizer, sterilization, nutrient medium and for the adaptation period of the best genotypes of this culture have been developed. As a result of the conducted researches the methods of selection of the initial plant material of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) and its surface sterilization, modification of existing aseptic culture methods have been studied and mastered. The morphogenetic potential of explants from different plant organs was investigated and selection of nutrient medium and study of the influence of plant growth regulators and physical parameters on the process of morphogenesis was carried out. The features of regeneration of isolated explants depending on the composition of the nutrient medium and selection of conditions for obtaining self-clones of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) were studied. Key words: in vitro, plant biotechnology, Callistephus Chinensis, nutrient medium, rhizogenesis.
The historical prerequisites for the formation of migration waves of the population of Ukraine are analyzed as follows: the first wave («old migration» – the second half of the nineteenth century with the predominance of migration of workers); the second wave («new migration» – the end of the nineteenth – the first half of the twentieth century. with the predominance of migration of poor peasantry); the third wave («political» – after World War II until the 1980s, with a predominance of low-skilled workers and intellectuals); the fourth wave («migrant workers», since the mid-90s of the twentieth century.). It is noted that the fifth, «intellectual» wave (since the 2010s) can be transformed into a «corporate», which provides for the withdrawal of business abroad in the context of increased tax burden in Ukraine. The likelihood of a «corporate» wave also strengthens the stimulating policy of European countries to attract businesses that offer stable economic conditions. Ukraine’s place on the global migration map confirming its inclusion in the international space as a democratic and legal State has been studied. The number of international migrants from Ukraine is gradually increasing, reaching 6.1 million people in 2020, but the problem of such dynamics is exacerbated by the declining dynamics of immigration and threatening depopulation processes: in 2020, the share of international expats in the population reached 11.9%, when in 1990 it was equal to 10.8%. Studying the migration processes of the population of Ukraine, scientists and experts often focus on the problem of human losses due to emigration. However, the modern world, even during the pandemic, is developing in the context of globalization. Many countries have an effective policy of attracting human potential, thus ensuring positive development dynamics. Therefore, the authorities of Ukraine are forced to intensify the State regulation of migration processes, guided by the consequences of their impact on socio-economic development.
This article presents research on the inclusion of the biotechnological link in rose breeding. Roses are heterozygous plants and give splitting when propagated by seed. Therefore, clonal micropropagation has been included in the research to reproduce and preserve valuable genotypes and new starting material. The aim of this study was to select the type of auxin and its optimal concentrations for better Rhizogenesis of micro-sprouts of selected rose cultivars, and to select the suitable substrate for more effective adaptation of regenerant plants. For the introduction of explants into culture, cultivation and preparation of nutrient media, the traditional methods adopted in tissue culture work were applied. For rooting of well-formed micro-sprouts, liquid nutrient medium with a halved content of macro- and microsalts and sucrose was used. In addition, different concentrations of 3-indolyl butyric acid and β-indolyl-3-acetic acid were added to the medium.Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to use indolyl butyric acid at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l for clonal micropropagation of roses, since at these concentrations, the rooting frequency indices by varieties were the highest. When adapting the plant material, it is better to use a substrate consisting of peat, soddy soil and perlite in a ratio of 1:1:1. The best results in the studies were noted in the varieties Alan Titchmarsh, Coral Surprise and Tchaikovski.
Б а с р е д а к т о р ы х. ғ. д., проф., ҚР ҰҒА академигі М. Ж. Жұрынов Р е д а к ц и я а л қ а с ы: Абиев Р.Ш. проф. (Ресей) Абишев М.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Аврамов К.В. проф. (Украина) Аппель Юрген проф. (Германия) Баймуқанов Д.А. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Байтулин И.О. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Банас Иозеф проф. (Польша) Берсимбаев Р.И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Велесько С. проф. (Германия) Велихов Е.П. проф., РҒА академигі (Ресей) Гашимзаде Ф. проф., академик (Əзірбайжан) Гончарук В.В. проф., академик (Украина) Давлетов А.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Джрбашян Р.Т. проф., академик (Армения) Қалимолдаев М.Н. проф., академик (Қазақстан), бас ред. орынбасары Лаверов Н.П. проф., академик РАН (Россия) Лупашку Ф. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Молдова) Мохд Хасан Селамат проф. (Малайзия) Мырхалықов Ж.У. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Новак Изабелла проф. (Польша) Огарь Н.П. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Полещук О.Х. проф. (Ресей) Поняев А.И. проф. (Ресей) Сагиян А.С. проф., академик (Армения) Сатубалдин С.С. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Таткеева Г.Г. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Умбетаев И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Хрипунов Г.С. проф. (Украина) Юлдашбаев Ю.А. проф., РҒА корр-мүшесі (Ресей) Якубова М.М. проф., академик (Тəжікстан) «Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғылым академиясының Хабаршысы».
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