No abstract

No abstract

The use of immunostimulants as an alternative to the drugs, chemicals and antibiotics currently being used to control fish diseases in fish culture is attracting the attention of many researchers. In this context, many have focused on the use of medicinal plant products as potential therapeutic measures for modulating the immune response and, specifically, on the use of herbs to prevent and control fish diseases. Medicinal plants (plant remedies) are a deeply rooted component of the cultural heritage of many people from diverse cultures and countries and are, as such, closely linked to the maintenance of good health. The aim of this paper is to review research currently being carried out on the herbs and herbal extracts that have been shown to modulate the immune system of fish. Special attention is given to the use of Chinese and Indian herbs.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Males of two strains of carp, wild Duna (D), and inbred Szarvas 22 (22), were selected for high and low stress response. Two purebreds of D and 22, from randomly chosen parents and four crosses, 22 x 22-L (low stress response), 22 x 22-H (high stress response), 22 x D-L (low stress response) and 22 x D-H (high stress response) from selected stress response parents were produced and vaccinated with a commercial Aeromonas salmonicida/Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine and their circulating antibody response evaluated 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks post-vaccination by ELISA. Significantly higher titres of circulatory antibodies against A. hydrophila were found in the families 22 and cross 22 x 22-L compared to other groups. The development of circulatory antibodies against A. hydrophila in all crosses having at least one D parent was low and remained low throughout the experiment. The level of circulatory antibodies against atypical A. salmonicida in the inbred strain increased following a booster vaccination with the highest values measured in inbred strain 22 and cross 22 x 22 L. The different varieties of carp had different levels of survival against experimental challenge with A. hydrophila. The greatest survival was obtained in strain 22 and cross 22 x 22-L, while ~90% of D wild carp and cross 22 x D (independent of their stress response) died. Survival results correlated well with the antibody response of the different groups: 22 and 22 x 22-L had the highest antibody titres against A. hydrophila and the greatest level of survival.