The aim was to establish the morphofunctional changes of liver in the experimental cirrhosis. Materials and methods: The research was conducted on 24 white male Wistar rats. Experimental cirrhosis of the liver was simulated by oral administration of CCl4 2 g/kg 2 times weekly for three months. From the selected fragments of the liver, histological specimens were done according to the conventional method and examined by light microscopy. The activity of the enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), the content of components of bile (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids) were determined in the serum. In the blood and liver were determined the content of the final products of metabolism of nitric oxide: NO2 - and NO3 -; in the blood – the content of ceruloplasmin, lactate, pyruvate, middle molecular-weight protein MWP1 and MWP2. In the liver – the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CHO), N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase microsomal activity. The state of the system of prooxidants-antioxidants was judged by the content in the liver of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), concentration of sulfhydril group (GSH), catalase activities (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD). The content of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Results: Cirrhosis of the liver, which is morphologically confirmed by the presence of prominent sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbel, is accompanied by the development of cytolysis and cholestasis processes with an increase in the content of components of bile in the blood (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids). An increase in the content of lipoperoxidation products and disturbance of the state of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic units of the antioxidant system, decrease in the activity of mitochondrial (succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase) enzymes have been established. The activity of the detoxification processes decreases, namely the inhibition of N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase activity of the liver microsomes, so the manifestations of endotoxicosis increase. This is accompanied with decreased content of endothelial and an increased content inducible NO synthase, a concentration of a stable metabolite of nitric oxide nitrite anion in the blood increase and a decrease in the liver. Сonclusions: Experimental CCl4 cirrhosis is characterized morphologically by sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbao. The metabolic and functional cirrhoticliver is characterized by cytolysis and cholestasis activation, inhibition of detoxication, prooxidant-antooxidant, including nitrooxidative, disbalance.

During qualified sport selection special attention should be paid to those features and abilities that have a great influence on the effectiveness, and those, that are mainly under the influence of genetic factor. Such morphogenetic markers of sports selection include, firstly, the constitutional features of athletes, in particular the shape of the chest. The purpose of work is to determine the differences between the anthropometric dimensions of the chest between female volleyball players of high level of athletic skill and non-sportsmen, who belonged to different constitutional types. On the base of the Scientific-Research Center of the Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University an anthropo-somatotypological investigation of 113 female volleyball players of high level athletic skill (from 16 to 20 years old) was done. The control group included 204 practically healthy young women, who were not engaged in sports of the corresponding age. Anthropometric research was performed according to the V. V. Bunak (1941) method, somatotypological study was based on the estimated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990). In young women, who were not engaged in sports, more than in half of the cases were indicated constitutional types, which were characterized by good development of fatty body composition. Between female volleyball players were dominated individuals with mesomorphic somatotype (26.66%), ectomorphic somatotype (23.01%), ecto-mesomorphic somatotype (23.89%), and representatives of the intermediate somatotype (23.01%) were almost uniformly represented in the sample. The analysis of the results was carried out in the licensing program "Statistica 5.5" using nonparametric methods of estimating the parameters. We have found that the female volleyball players of the ectomorphic somatotype have the smallest anthropometric dimensions of the chest, as compared with athletes of other constitutional groups. In the mesomorphs female volleyball players all transverse and the most of overall sizes of the chest were the largest. Parameters of the athletes with the ecto-mesomorphic somatotype were slightly small to the size of the somatometric parameters of the mesomorphs, but they had the highest values of the anterior-posterior size of the chest. Female volleyball players with intermediate somatotype had larger values of the chest size than volleyball players with ectomorphic somatotype, although no significant difference was found when comparing them. It was found, that the most of the overall, transverse, and anterior-posterior dimensions of the chest in female volleyball players are statistically significantly higher than that of girls, who were not engaged in sports, and belonged to the same constitutional type as athletes. We have made a conclusion that belonging to one of the constitutional type does not provide similarity of morphometric parameters of the chest in persons with different levels of physical activity.

The aim: To study the peculiarities of the structure and to see the development of maxillary sinuses in infants, during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study of the peculiarities of the development and formation of the maxillary sinuses’ wall was carried out on 50 species of the upper jaws, turtles and sections of the head of the human corpses during different periods of ontogenesis (in infants, during early and first childhood) with the help of histological examination, preparation, CT scan, radiography and morphometry. Results and conclussions: In infants and during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis in the MS there are changes in both quantitative and qualitative nature. In infants (10 days – 1 year), maxillary sinuse is located more lateral to the basis of the lower nasal concha. In this period, it begins to form its lower wall, which in the form of a narrow strip invaginates into the alveolar process. The growth of the sinus is due to the protrusion of the external wall in the direction of the zygomatic bone. The wall of the maxillary sinuse is covered with mucosa (respiratory mucous membrane), which is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, which is located on the basement membrane. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in infants shows that it is a pear-shaped in the anterior projection. Clearly the following walls of the sinuses are visible: the upper, the lower, one, which is arched-shaped, the front and the median, which in lower part are crossed as arch to each other. Investigation of biological specimens of the maxillofacial area of the early childhood period (1-3 years) showed that maxillary sinuses in all specimens are determined more laterally to the basis of the lower nasal concha. Its vertical dimension is 7.5-8.0 mm, transverse – 5.7-6.0 mm, anterior-posterior – 13.9-14.5 mm. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in early childhood in the front projection shows that it has an oval shape. There are the following walls of the sinus: upper, lower, front and middle. The study of biological specimens of the facial area in the period of the first childhood (4-7 years) has been established that the configuration of maxillary sinuse is changing. All walls are determined, but the upper wall is rather short, and the front wall is narrow. The median wall has the most prominent development. On X-rays in the anterior projection, a slight extension of the maxillary sinuse is noted laterally. Therefore, one should thoroughly study the peculiarities of the development and structure of the walls of the maxillary sinuses in order to prevent the development of complications and to achieve the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the MS in an optimal term.

Objective: To evaluate the potential effect of poly-vitamins and probiotics use among preschool children permanently living within iodine deficiency territory on caries prevention. Material and Methods: 80 children aged 2-3 years old were randomly distributed among the study group (21 male and 19 females) and control group (20 males and 20 females). Oral fluid samples were formed from each study subject during primary examination and after 1 year of monitoring, which further were analyzed by parameters associated with mineralization potential of oral fluid. Both groups were provided with oral hygiene educational training, while the study group was also prescribed with poly-vitamin-mineral drug complex and probiotics. Results: After 1 year of monitoring, no significant changes considering caries prevalence (p>0.05) or intensity (p>0.05) values were registered among study and control groups. Difference of free calcium level, phosphate ion level and alkaline phosphatase activity was statistically approved (p<0.05) while comparing between study and control group after 12 months of monitoring. Conclusion: Caries preventive approach consisted of oral hygiene educational training and course of properly prescribed poly-vitamins and probiotics intake demonstrates positive results related to the changes within mineralization potential of oral fluid among preschool children with long-term residence over geographically associated iodine-deficient territory.

Determination of constitutional parameters that are inherent in highly skilled athletes of a particular sport can serve as reliable predictive markers during sport selection. But the last time an indisputable fact is the somatotypological conditionality of individual sizes that characterize the external structure of the body, and the visceral structures of the organism. The purpose of the work is to establish differences in the anthropometric dimensions between young women volleyball players of high level of athletic skill and non-sports young women belonging to the mesomorphic somatotype. On the base of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, we conducted an anthropo-somatotypological study of 127 female volleyball players of youth age (from 16 to 20 years) with a high level of athletic skill. Sports experience in all cases was greater than 3 years. From the database of research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University was selected 140 practically healthy young women of the same age who were not engaged in sports. Anthropometric measurements were carried out using the method of V.V. Bunak (1941), somatotypological research – according to the estimated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990). After the conducted somatotyping, it was found that 29 volleyball players and 33 non-sports young women belonged to the mesomorphic type of constitution. The analysis of the obtained results is carried out in the licensed package of Statistica 5.5 using nonparametric methods of evaluation of indicators. In the volleyball players of the mesomorphic somatotype, compared to young women who are not engaged in sports of the same constitutional type, we have found a significantly larger length of the body, the mass and area of the body surface, the height of the suprasternal, pubic, shoulder anthropometric points, chest cords, transverse mid and lower chest and sagittal middle-thigh diameters, intervertebral distance of the pelvis and its external conjugates. Relatively smaller in female volleyball players of mesomorphic type of physique was the thickness of the skin-fat folds under the shoulder blade. One can conclude that within the same somatotype there are significant changes in the anthropometric parameters, in particular total body and longitudinal, transverse, front and rear body dimensions, which is affected by the body of modern young women volleyball players with mesomorphic somatotype, under the influence of intensive loads.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. These 17 Goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among other priorities. The goals are interconnected – often the key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another. The collaboration with I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (TNMU) and the Faculty of Nursing MacEwan University students and teachers in the realization of the Sustainable Development goals proposes the possibilities to study and change the professional practice and nursing education. Co-creation involves strategy: nurses making a difference in the health of global communities. 25 students spent one week at TNMU, focusing on global/planetary health issues and SDGs. Participants include faculty members and Ukrainian students as well as International students from several countries (including Canada, Ghana, Nigeria, and India). Instruction focused on interactive learning and included flipped classroom format, seminars, team-based learning and field clinics coordinated by MacEwan faculty members in partnership with the TNMU members. Through interactive learning in an international setting, students developed a shared understanding of how people relate to each other and to their environments, compared Canadian and Ukrainian approaches to the Sustainable Development Goals, and created space for understanding different ways of knowing and how these enhance health and wellbeing. The face-to-face format of the trip was invaluable in enhancing emotional and informal learning as well as developing capacity as global citizens. The course provides an excellent foundation for students who wish to pursue graduate studies in global health either in Nursing or in Public Health.

Valeur diagnostique et pronostique des biomarqueurs chez les femmes atteintes de maladie coronarienne et d'ostéoporose Introduction. Depuis le début de la ménopause chez la population féminine, l'incidence des pathologies cardiovasculaires et les modifications de la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) ont considérablement augmenté Le but de l'étude. Étudier la valeur diagnostique et pronostique des biomarqueurs du remodelage osseux et vasculaire en déterminant leur relation avec les facteurs de progression de la maladie coronarienne en combinaison avec l'ostéoporose post-ménopause (PMOS). Matériels et méthodes. L'étude comprenait 115 femmes ménopausées chez lesquelles on avait diagnostiqué une maladie coronarienne. En fonction de l'état de la DMO, les patientes sont divisées en trois groupes: (1) avec une DMO normale, (2) avec une ostéopénie, (3) avec une ostéoporose. Le groupe de contrôle était ABSTRACT Introduction. Since the onset of menopause, the incidence of cardiovascular pathology and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the female population significantly increase. The objective of the study. To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers in terms of determining their interrelationship with coronary artery disease (CAD) progression on the background of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOS). Material and methods. The study involved 115 women in the postmenopausal period, with a diagnosis of CAD. Depending on the BMD state, patients were divided into three groups: (1)-with normal BMD, (2)with osteopenia, (3)-with osteoporosis. The selected control group consisted of 12 relatively healthy women of the corresponding age. Daily monitoring of electrocardiogram by Holter, two-dimensional echocardiography, intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, the

Intestinal microbiome is involved in multiple host physiological events, contributes to formation and maintenance of immune homeostasis due to regulated immune response aimed at protecting against pathogen invasion. A special role in differentiation of various T cell subsets is played by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) capable of inducing proinflammatory Th17 cell differentiation in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) as well as members of the genus Clostridium (cluster IV and XIVa) and Bacteroides fragilis (polysaccharide A (PSA)), stimulate emergence of regulatory T cells (Treg) and production of suppressive cytokine IL-10. Important B. fragilis-derived metabolites are short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) able to activate GALT cells via the FFAR2 receptor. Lowering SCFA level results in decreased gut Treg count and alters Th17/Treg ratio being immediately coupled in the GALT to downregulated FFAR2 mRNA, Foxp3 expression and increased RORγt. Hence, we wanted to determine level of the key immunoregulatory bacteria within the rat wall intestinal microflora and their effects on GALT transcriptional activity of Foxp3 and RORyt genes upon Salmonella-induced inflammation and as well as after administering vancomycin and B. fragilis. Bacterial genus and species origin and related percentage in rat microflora were assessed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RV) to identify specific 16S rDNA genes. Transcriptional activity of genes was measured by using real-time RT-PCR. It was found that administration of vancomycin and Salmonella spp. increased level of SFB and a decreased A.muciniphila, F.prausnitzii. In addition, infection of vancomycin-pretreated rats with S.enteritidis and S. typhimurium increased SFB amount paralleled with marked decline in Bacteroides-Prevotela group, A.muciniphila, Clostridium spp. clusters XIV, IV, and F.prausnitzii that resulted in downregulated Foxp3 and upregulated Rorγt mRNA expression, respectively. However, inoculating B. fragilis to vancomycin-pretreated animals receiving S. enteritidis or S. typhimurium resulted in decreased level of SFB and Rorγt mRNA, and, conversely, increased amount of Bacteroides-Prevotela group, A.muciniphila, Clostridium spp. clusters XIV, IV, F.prausnitzii and expression of Foxp3 gene evidencing about recovered homeostasis in intestinal microbiome. The data obtained showed that B. fragilis can be successfully used in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases or diseases with impaired intestinal barrier function.