Morphogenesis of maxillary sinuses in infants, during early and first childhood

Abstract

The aim: To study the peculiarities of the structure and to see the development of maxillary sinuses in infants, during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study of the peculiarities of the development and formation of the maxillary sinuses’ wall was carried out on 50 species of the upper jaws, turtles and sections of the head of the human corpses during different periods of ontogenesis (in infants, during early and first childhood) with the help of histological examination, preparation, CT scan, radiography and morphometry. Results and conclussions: In infants and during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis in the MS there are changes in both quantitative and qualitative nature. In infants (10 days – 1 year), maxillary sinuse is located more lateral to the basis of the lower nasal concha. In this period, it begins to form its lower wall, which in the form of a narrow strip invaginates into the alveolar process. The growth of the sinus is due to the protrusion of the external wall in the direction of the zygomatic bone. The wall of the maxillary sinuse is covered with mucosa (respiratory mucous membrane), which is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, which is located on the basement membrane. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in infants shows that it is a pear-shaped in the anterior projection. Clearly the following walls of the sinuses are visible: the upper, the lower, one, which is arched-shaped, the front and the median, which in lower part are crossed as arch to each other. Investigation of biological specimens of the maxillofacial area of the early childhood period (1-3 years) showed that maxillary sinuses in all specimens are determined more laterally to the basis of the lower nasal concha. Its vertical dimension is 7.5-8.0 mm, transverse – 5.7-6.0 mm, anterior-posterior – 13.9-14.5 mm. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in early childhood in the front projection shows that it has an oval shape. There are the following walls of the sinus: upper, lower, front and middle. The study of biological specimens of the facial area in the period of the first childhood (4-7 years) has been established that the configuration of maxillary sinuse is changing. All walls are determined, but the upper wall is rather short, and the front wall is narrow. The median wall has the most prominent development. On X-rays in the anterior projection, a slight extension of the maxillary sinuse is noted laterally. Therefore, one should thoroughly study the peculiarities of the development and structure of the walls of the maxillary sinuses in order to prevent the development of complications and to achieve the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the MS in an optimal term.

Peculiarities of the Sources of Origin and Morphogenesis of the Human Mandible

“…From the topographic point of view these foci correspond to osteogenous islets which become more apparent during further stages of embryogenesis, that is, during the 6-7 weeks of development. In this respect the data of our study correspond to the data of other researchers [4].…”

Protocolo VISTA para tracionamento de canino incluso

“…Oliveira IS, Nogueira WA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA mínimo 10 a 12 mm de comprimento no centro da coroa do canino e de 3 mm da margem cervical, um botão ortodôntico é posicionado sobre a coroa e ligado a uma cadeia elástica, que por conseguinte é conectado a um dispositivo de ancoragem temporário inserido no rebordo zigomático ou no mesial do espaço interradicular para o primeiro molar com uma inclinação de 55 a 70 graus em relação ao plano oclusal. Além disso, a posição do dispositivo de ancoragem é relativa à quantidade de osso do paciente e a distância do canino a ser tracionado [38][39] . No seguimento, realiza-se a segunda incisão de 2 mm é feita a uma distância de 8 a 10 mm do segundo pré-molar e primeiro molar, sendo realizada exatamente na trajetória entre o canino e a interface da distância do segundo pré-molar e primeiro molar 10 .…”

“…A colocação dos dispositivos de ancoragem temporários numa posição mesial ao primeiro molar nem sempre é viável quando a abordagem da desimpactação canina é feita durante a dentição mista tardia, devido à possível presença de um segundo botão pré-molar. Da mesma forma, a inserção do mesmo dispositivo no arco zigomático é por vezes impossível devido à presença da extensão lateral [38][39] .…”

The VISTA Approach in Canine Disimpaction

“…The placement of the TADs in a position mesial to the first molar is not always feasible when the approach to the canine disimpaction is made during the late mixed dentition phase due to the possible presence of a second premolar bud; likewise, the insertion of the same device in the zygomatic arch is sometimes impossible because of the presence of its lateral extension [12][13][14].…”