The alterations caused by eight different similarity coefficients were evaluated in the clustering and ordination of 27 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars analyzed by RAPD markers. The Anderberg, simple matching, Rogers and Tanimoto, Russel and Rao, Ochiai, Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, and Ochiai II's coefficients were tested. Comparisons among the coefficients were made through correlation analysis of genetic distances obtained by the complement of these coefficients, dendrogram evaluation (visual inspection and consensus fork index -CI C ), projection efficiency in a two-dimensional space, and groups formed by Tocher's optimization procedure. The employment of different similarity coefficients caused few alterations in cultivar classification, since correlations among genetic distances were larger than 0.86. Nevertheless, the different similarity coefficients altered the projection efficiency in a two-dimensional space and formed different numbers of groups by Tocher's optimization procedure. Among these coefficients, Russel and Rao's was the most discordant and the Sorensen-Dice was considered the most adequate due to a higher projection efficiency in a two-dimensional space. Even though few structural changes were suggested in the most different groups, these coefficients altered some relationships between cultivars with high genetic similarity.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de genótipos, do programa de melhoramento genético do feijoeiro-comum, da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, e comparar os métodos de AMMI (análise da interação multiplicativa e dos efeitos principais aditivos), de Lin & Binns e de Eberhart & Russell. Os ensaios foram compostos de 20 genótipos (grupos comerciais de grão preto, carioca, roxo, jalo e rajado), avaliados em 22 ensaios, na época das águas (safra) e na seca (safrinha) dos anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004, nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e São Paulo. Foi encontrada baixa associação entre os métodos AMMI e Lin & Binns (r = 0,39), e AMMI e Eberhart & Russell (r = 0,40). Não houve correlação entre Lin & Binns e Eberhart & Russell. Os genótipos mais estáveis e produtivos, para tipo de grão comercial carioca são: as cultivares BRS Requinte e a linhagem CNFC 8075; para tipo de grão comercial preto, as cultivares BRS Supremo e BRS Campeiro; e para tipos de grãos comerciais roxo e rosinha, a cultivar BRS Vereda.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar genótipos de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) tipo carioca, com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produção, na Região Central do Brasil, pelo uso de diferentes métodos. Foram conduzidos 45 ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso, com 16 genótipos, em blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, nos estados de Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Tocantins, nos anos de 2003 e 2004. Os dados de produtividade de grãos foram submetidos a análises de variância e de estabilidade e adaptabilidade pelos métodos de Lin & Binns, Annichiarico, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al., e AMMI (modelo de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa). O método de Lin & Binns, modificado por Carneiro (trapézio quadrático ponderado pelo coeficiente de variação), e o de Annichiarico mostraram-se muito úteis ao programa de melhoramento genético, pois reúnem características como: simplicidade de utilização; separação dos ambientes em favoráveis e desfavoráveis; e identificação dos genótipos mais estáveis, entre os mais produtivos. A cultivar de feijão carioca BRS Estilo reúne alta adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos na Região Central do Brasil. A cultivar Pérola, amplamente utilizada no País, também apresenta boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade.
ABSTRACT. The common bean is an important source of iron and zinc in humans. Increases in the contents of these minerals can combat mineral deficiencies, but these contents are influenced by environmental conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the interaction between common bean lines and water availability on iron and zinc contents (CFe and CZn, respectively), identify superior lines with stable CFe and CZn, and test for a genetic relationship between CFe and CZn. Six crop trials were performed using a randomized block design with three replications. The trials were performed during the winter sowing period for three different combinations of year and site in Brazil. For each combination, 53 lines were evaluated across two parallel trials; one trial was irrigated according to the crop requirements, and the other trial operated under a water deficit. Interaction was detected between lines and environments, and between lines and water availability for CFe and CZn. However, some lines exhibited high CFe and CZn in both conditions. Lines G 6492 and G 6490 exhibited high mean values, stability, and adaptability for both minerals. Other lines exhibited high CFe (Xamego) or CZn (Bambuí and Iapar 65). A
ABSTRACT. One of the current focus of common bean breeding programs in Brazil is to increase iron (FeC) and zinc content (ZnC) in grains. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for FeC and ZnC in common bean, verify the need for conducting multi-site evaluation tests, identify elite lines that combine high FeC and ZnC with good adaptability, stability, and agronomic potential, and examine the genetic association between FeC and ZnC. Elite lines (140) were evaluated for important agronomic traits in multiple environments. In one trial, FeC and ZnC were evaluated and genetic parameters were estimated. Based on the high heritability estimates and significant selection gains obtained, the conditions for a successful selection was favorable. Of the 140 evaluated lines, 17 had higher FeC and ZnC, and were included in the validation test (2013, five environments), specifically for the evaluation of FeC and ZnC. The line by environment interaction for FeC and ZnC was detected, but it was predominantly simple. The environmental effect strongly influenced FeC and ZnC . The environment Brasília/rainy season was selected as the best evaluation site for preliminary tests for FeC and ZnC, because it resulted in similar conclusions as the mean of the five environments. The lines CNFP 15701 and CNFC 15865 had higher FeC and ZnC and were highly adaptable and stable, and are recommended for utilization in breeding programs. The lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, and CNFP 15676 showed excellent combined agronomic and nutritional traits, and were selected for the development of biofortified cultivars. Additionally, the genetic association between FeC and ZnC was detected.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar métodos de estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Foram utilizadas avaliações de produtividade em 71 ensaios, com 16 genótipos em cada um. A adaptabilidade e a estabilidade dos genótipos foi avaliada por meio de seis métodos, e a associação entre os métodos foi determinada pela correlação de Spearman. Os métodos de Cruz e de Eberhart & Russel apresentaram forte correlação entre si. Os métodos de Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modificado e Annicchiarico também apresentaram alta correlação entre si. Correlações intermediárias foram observadas entre os métodos de Eberhart & Russel e da análise da interação multiplicativa dos efeitos principais aditivos (AMMI). A utilização conjunta de métodos que apresentaram alta correlação não é indicada. Dessa forma, apenas um dos métodos, entre os de Cruz, Eberhart & Russel e AMMI, deve ser utilizado em conjunto com Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modificado ou Annicchiarico, visto que não houve correlação entre métodos desses dois grupos. Os métodos de Lin & Binns modificado e Annicchiarico são indicados para utilização isolada, pois são de utilização simples e permitem a classificação dos ambientes em favoráveis e desfavoráveis e a identificação dos genótipos mais estáveis e adaptados entre os mais produtivos.
BackgroundOver recent years, a growing effort has been made to develop microsatellite markers for the genomic analysis of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to broaden the knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of this species. The availability of large sets of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in public databases has given rise to an expedient approach for the identification of SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats), specifically EST-derived SSRs. In the present work, a battery of new microsatellite markers was obtained from a search of the Phaseolus vulgaris EST database. The diversity, degree of transferability and polymorphism of these markers were tested.ResultsFrom 9,583 valid ESTs, 4,764 had microsatellite motifs, from which 377 were used to design primers, and 302 (80.11%) showed good amplification quality. To analyze transferability, a group of 167 SSRs were tested, and the results showed that they were 82% transferable across at least one species. The highest amplification rates were observed between the species from the Phaseolus (63.7%), Vigna (25.9%), Glycine (19.8%), Medicago (10.2%), Dipterix (6%) and Arachis (1.8%) genera. The average PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) varied from 0.53 for genomic SSRs to 0.47 for EST-SSRs, and the average number of alleles per locus was 4 and 3, respectively. Among the 315 newly tested SSRs in the BJ (BAT93 X Jalo EEP558) population, 24% (76) were polymorphic. The integration of these segregant loci into a framework map composed of 123 previously obtained SSR markers yielded a total of 199 segregant loci, of which 182 (91.5%) were mapped to 14 linkage groups, resulting in a map length of 1,157 cM.ConclusionsA total of 302 newly developed EST-SSR markers, showing good amplification quality, are available for the genetic analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris. These markers showed satisfactory rates of transferability, especially between species that have great economic and genomic values. Their diversity was comparable to genomic SSRs, and they were incorporated in the common bean reference genetic map, which constitutes an important contribution to and advance in Phaseolus vulgaris genomic research.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar genótipos de feijoeiro-comum com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produção e verificar a ocorrência de interação genótipos x ambientes (GxA) para diferentes caracteres em algumas regiões de cerrado com baixa altitude no Estado do Mato Grosso. Foram realizados 12 ensaios em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em épocas de semeadura da seca e do inverno, no Estado do Mato Grosso, em 2008 e 2009. Os ensaios foram compostos por 19 genótipos com seis diferentes tipos de grãos. Foram obtidos dados de produtividade de grãos, reação à mancha angular, ciclo, tolerância ao acamamento e massa de cem grãos, e realizadas as análises de variância. Os dados de produtividade foram analisados quanto à estabilidade e adaptabilidade pelo método proposto por Annicchiarico. Foi observada interação GxA para todas as características avaliadas. A correlação entre a produtividade dos genótipos nas duas épocas de semeadura foi intermediária (0,48) (p<0,0375), mostrando que o desempenho dos genótipos nessas épocas é razoavelmente coincidente. As cultivares BRS Estilo, de grãos carioca e BRS Esplendor e BRS Campeiro, de grãos pretos, reúnem alta adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos nas épocas de semeadura da seca e do inverno em regiões de cerrado de baixa altitude no Estado do Mato Grosso.
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