O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de genótipos, do programa de melhoramento genético do feijoeiro-comum, da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, e comparar os métodos de AMMI (análise da interação multiplicativa e dos efeitos principais aditivos), de Lin & Binns e de Eberhart & Russell. Os ensaios foram compostos de 20 genótipos (grupos comerciais de grão preto, carioca, roxo, jalo e rajado), avaliados em 22 ensaios, na época das águas (safra) e na seca (safrinha) dos anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004, nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e São Paulo. Foi encontrada baixa associação entre os métodos AMMI e Lin & Binns (r = 0,39), e AMMI e Eberhart & Russell (r = 0,40). Não houve correlação entre Lin & Binns e Eberhart & Russell. Os genótipos mais estáveis e produtivos, para tipo de grão comercial carioca são: as cultivares BRS Requinte e a linhagem CNFC 8075; para tipo de grão comercial preto, as cultivares BRS Supremo e BRS Campeiro; e para tipos de grãos comerciais roxo e rosinha, a cultivar BRS Vereda.
ABSTRACT. One of the current focus of common bean breeding programs in Brazil is to increase iron (FeC) and zinc content (ZnC) in grains. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for FeC and ZnC in common bean, verify the need for conducting multi-site evaluation tests, identify elite lines that combine high FeC and ZnC with good adaptability, stability, and agronomic potential, and examine the genetic association between FeC and ZnC. Elite lines (140) were evaluated for important agronomic traits in multiple environments. In one trial, FeC and ZnC were evaluated and genetic parameters were estimated. Based on the high heritability estimates and significant selection gains obtained, the conditions for a successful selection was favorable. Of the 140 evaluated lines, 17 had higher FeC and ZnC, and were included in the validation test (2013, five environments), specifically for the evaluation of FeC and ZnC. The line by environment interaction for FeC and ZnC was detected, but it was predominantly simple. The environmental effect strongly influenced FeC and ZnC . The environment Brasília/rainy season was selected as the best evaluation site for preliminary tests for FeC and ZnC, because it resulted in similar conclusions as the mean of the five environments. The lines CNFP 15701 and CNFC 15865 had higher FeC and ZnC and were highly adaptable and stable, and are recommended for utilization in breeding programs. The lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, and CNFP 15676 showed excellent combined agronomic and nutritional traits, and were selected for the development of biofortified cultivars. Additionally, the genetic association between FeC and ZnC was detected.
Slow seed coat darkening is desirable in common bean cultivars and genetic parameters are important to define breeding strategies. The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for plant architecture, grain yield, grain size, and seed-coat darkening in common bean; identify any genetic association among these traits; and select lines that associate desirable phenotypes for these traits. Three experiments were set up in the winter 2012 growing season, in Santo Antônio de Goiás and Brasília, Brazil, including 220 lines obtained from four segregating populations and five parents. A triple lattice 15 x 15 experimental design was used. The traits evaluated were plant architecture, grain yield, grain size, and seed-coat darkening. Analyses of variance were carried out and genetic parameters such as heritability, gain expected from selection, and correlations, were estimated. For selection of superior lines, a "weight-free and parameter-free" index was used. The estimates of genetic variance, heritability, and gain expected from selection were high, indicating good possibility for success in selection of the four traits. The genotype x environment interaction was proportionally more important for yield than for the other traits. There was no strong genetic correlation observed among the four traits, which indicates the possibility of selection of superior lines with many traits. Considering simultaneous selection, it was not possible to join high genetic gains for the four traits. Forty-four lines that combined high yield, more upright plant architecture, slow darkening grains, and commercial grade size were selected.
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