Slow seed coat darkening is desirable in common bean cultivars and genetic parameters are important to define breeding strategies. The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for plant architecture, grain yield, grain size, and seed-coat darkening in common bean; identify any genetic association among these traits; and select lines that associate desirable phenotypes for these traits. Three experiments were set up in the winter 2012 growing season, in Santo Antônio de Goiás and Brasília, Brazil, including 220 lines obtained from four segregating populations and five parents. A triple lattice 15 x 15 experimental design was used. The traits evaluated were plant architecture, grain yield, grain size, and seed-coat darkening. Analyses of variance were carried out and genetic parameters such as heritability, gain expected from selection, and correlations, were estimated. For selection of superior lines, a "weight-free and parameter-free" index was used. The estimates of genetic variance, heritability, and gain expected from selection were high, indicating good possibility for success in selection of the four traits. The genotype x environment interaction was proportionally more important for yield than for the other traits. There was no strong genetic correlation observed among the four traits, which indicates the possibility of selection of superior lines with many traits. Considering simultaneous selection, it was not possible to join high genetic gains for the four traits. Forty-four lines that combined high yield, more upright plant architecture, slow darkening grains, and commercial grade size were selected.

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Qualidade culinária e nutricional de linhagens de feijoeiro-comum tipo carioca e interação com ambientesOs objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a variabilidade genética e a interação entre genótipos e ambientes para o tempo de cocção e o teor de proteína de grãos de feijão, bem como identificar linhagens elites de feijoeiro-comum de grãos carioca com baixo tempo de cocção, alto teor de proteína e alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade para esses dois caracteres. Foram realizados 16 experimentos em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, conduzidos nas épocas de semeadura das águas, de seca e de inverno, nos estados de Goiás, Distrito Federal, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia e Paraná, em 2009 e 2010. Os ensaios foram compostos por 16 linhagens elites de grão carioca e foram obtidos dados de tempo de cocção e de teor de proteína dos grãos. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância e de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, pela metodologia de Annicchiarico. Existe variabilidade genética tanto para tempo de cocção quanto para teor de proteína entre linhagens elites de feijão carioca; entretanto, para teor de proteína essa variabilidade é menor. O efeito ambiental é muito importante na expressão desses caracteres e é maior que o efeito genético. A interação entre genótipos e ambientes é importante para o tempo de cocção e para o teor de proteína de grãos de feijão. As linhagens CNFC 11951 e CNFC 11962 apresentam baixo tempo de cocção, alto teor de proteína e alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade para os dois caracteres. Palavras ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were to study the genetic variability and the interaction between genotypes and environments for cooking time and protein content of bean grains as well as to identify elite lines of Carioca grain type with short cooking time, high protein content and high adaptability and stability for these two traits. Sixteen experiments were conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications during the rainy, dry and winter seasons, in Goiás, Distrito Federal, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia and Paraná States, in 2009 and 2010. Each trial was composed by 16 elite lines of Carioca grain type and the data of cooking time and protein content were obtained. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and to stability and adaptability analysis, according to the methodology proposed by Annichiarico. Genetic variability was found for cooking time and for protein content among Carioca common bean elite lines; however, for protein content this variability is lower. The environmental effect is important for the expression of these traits and is larger than the genetic effect. The interaction between genotypes and environments is important for cooking time and for protein content of common beans. The lines CNFC 11951 and CNFC 11962 presents short cooking time, high protein content and high stability and adaptability for both traits.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environments for grain yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines and cultivars with potential for use in family farming systems. Data from value for cultivation and use tests, carried out in 20 environments in the state of Goiás, Brazil, were analyzed in two cycles (2007/2008 and 2009/2010) in the dry, rainy, and winter crop seasons. Each test consisted of 15 genotypes from the carioca, purple, and rosinha common bean commercial groups. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with three replicates. The methodologies used to test the stability and adaptability of the genotypes were the one of Lin & Binns, of Cruz, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) to calculate the weighted average of absolute scores and productivity (WAASP), and the GGE biplot graphical analysis. The productive performance of the common bean lines and cultivars is affected by genotype x environment interaction. The methodologies adopted allow the selection of cultivars for cropping, and of cultivars and lines for use as parents in order to obtain segregating populations for selection in a family farming system.

Carioca is the most important edible dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Brazil. It represents the largest dry bean market class in the world. The seed coat of carioca beans will darken under adverse harvest conditions and with the increasing of storage time. In general, darkened seeds are associated with older seeds that suffer from prolonged cooking times. A relatively new ‘slow darkening’ trait is available in carioca that delays seed coat darkening under storage. However, its effect on cooking time is unknown. The objective of this work was to evaluate two induction methods of seed coat darkening and to examine the effect of slow darkening trait on cooking time after storage. Lines derived from four segregating populations resulting from crossings between cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola with slow seed coat darkening, and the parents BRS Estilo, BRS Cometa, BRS Notável and BRS Sublime with normal darkening were evaluated. An experiment inlcuding 220 lines, 55 per population and the five parents, in a 15x15 triple lattice was conducted in the winter growing season in Brasilia. Seed coat darkening and cooking time traits were evaluated. Two methods for inducing seed coat darkening were compared: an accelerated aging test using UV light for 72 hours, and an extended storage for 90 days under ambient conditions. The correlation between the induction methods ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 for the different populations indicating either method could be used to discriminate lines with normal versus slow darkening trait. The percentage of light-colored grain lines was identified by both induction methods of seed coat darkening ranged from 75 to 85.7% in the populations. The genetic correlation between seed coat darkening and cooking time varied from -0.06 to -0.48, indicating that in some populations there is no significant genetic correlation between seed coat darkening and cooking time. Thus, light colored grains are not indicative of low cooking time, when they are considered genotypes with genetic variation for the seed coat darkening.

Knowledge on the genetic diversity in genebanks is important for germplasm conservation and use in breeding programs, where it can reduce time and costs of breeding of new genotypes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among 137 genotypes of Capsicum chinense Jacq. by morphological descriptors and multivariate techniques, with a view to the identification of groups for promising crosses for breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, where each plot consisted of a pot with one plant. The 20 descriptors recommended by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute - IPGRI were considered for the morphological characterization. By analysis of variance, significant differences between genotypes were detected for the studied descriptors. Clustering by the Tocher optimization method formed five groups, and by the hierarchical clustering method UPGMA, 11 groups. Based on larger distances intergroup, crosses are recommended among genotypes of the groups II x V, II x IV, and I x V for the Tocher method, and by UPGMA among genotypes of the groups VI x XI, II x XI, IV x XI,. The cophenetic correlation coefficient for the hierarchical clustering method UPGMA was 0.797 (p <0.01). The traits that contributed most to the total genetic diversity were number of days to flowering and plant height.

This study aimed to evaluate cowpea genotypes for adaptability and stability of grain yield using different methods, in order to support the launch and/or cultivars recommendation for agribusiness in the Brazilian Midwest. Trials were conducted from 2010 to 2012 in four locations, totaling eight environments. We evaluated 20 cowpea genotypes arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Studies of adaptability and stability of cowpea genotypes were estimated using different methods. The environments A1, A5, A6 and A8 are the most appropriate for selecting superior genotypes for adaptability and stability. The genotypes MNC03-737F-5-1 BRS-Tumucumaque, BRSGuariba, MNC02-684F-5-6, MNC03-725F-3, MNC02-682F-2-6, BRS-Cauamé, BRS-Itaim and MNC03-737F-5-11 showed adaptability and stability sufficient for recommendation for the region. Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and AMMI methods can be used as a complementary way to better predict the genotype performance.

The objectives of the present work were to identify common bean lines with high grain yield, adaptability and stability; stratify the environment; and detect the most important factors for the genotype by environment (G×E) interaction in northeastern Brazil. Nineteen experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications during the rainy growing season at 11 locations in the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia in 2009 and 2010. In each experiment, 16 "carioca" seeded lines were evaluated, and the grain yield, assessed. Data were subjected to analyses of variance and adaptability and stability by the methodologies of Annicchiarico and Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI), analysis of the factors for environmental stratification and joint analysis with decomposition of the G×E interaction in genotype by year and genotype by location. According to the AMMI method, BRS Estilo and CNFC 11951 were selected as stable high-yielding lines. CNFC 11954, IPR Juriti, CNFC 11948 and BRS Estilo were identified as stable high-yielding lines based on the methodology of Annicchiarico. BRS Estilo was identified as stable according to both methodologies and was therefore considered suitable for growth in the Northeast region for use as a parent line in regional breeding programs. The locations in this region used to test the common bean lines were informative, except Carira, which could be eliminated from the assay network. Interaction among genotypes, locations and years were observed, suggesting that assessments shoud be conducted at the largest number of locations and years, in this order of importance. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L. Grain yield. Environmental stratification. Stability. ResumoOs objetivos desse trabalho foram identificar linhagens de feijoeiro-comum com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produção, realizar a estratificação ambiental e identificar quais fatores são mais importantes para a interação genótipos × ambientes (G×E) metodologias de Annicchiarico e AMMI, à análise de fatores para estratificação ambiental e à análise conjunta com decomposição da interação G×E em genótipos × anos e genótipos × locais. As linhagens BRS Estilo e CNFC 11951 apresentam alta produtividade e estabilidade, pela metodologia AMMI. As linhagens CNFC 11954, IPR Juriti, CNFC 11948 e BRS Estilo apresentam alta produtividade e estabilidade, pela metodologia de Annicchiarico. BRS Estilo foi identificada como estável pelas duas metodologias, sendo, portanto, indicada para semeadura na Região Nordeste e para utilização como genitor em programas de melhoramento que visam o lançamento de cultivares para essa região. Os locais utilizados para avaliação de feijoeiro-comum nessa região são informativos, exceto Carira, que poderá ser eliminado da rede. Existe interação entre os genótipos, locais e anos nessa região, o que faz com que as avaliações sejam realizadas no maior número possível de locais e anos, nessa ordem de importância. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris ...