Introduction: The spread of Covid19 could be prevented by breaking the chain of transmission through the practice of wearing a mask while going outside or being in a crowd, washing hands using hand soap under running water, and doing physical distancing (3M). The difference in information distribution and access about Covid19 between rural and urban citizens connected to the awareness of doing 3M. This research aims to analyze the correlation between awareness and practicing wearing masks, washing hands, and physical distancing within rural and urban citizens. Methods: Data was collected using mixed-method survey, was done both online and offline to reach respondents from several provinces in Indonesia. Data retrieval was done using a questionnaire, and there were 2,196 people participated as respondents. Results and Discussion: Logistic regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.042; OR = 1.117), sex (p = 0.000; OR = 0.377), living area (p = 0.000; OR = 2.291), and knowledge (p = 0,000; OR = 1,450) have the significant relation with respondents' awareness of doing 3M. The age group of 27-36 years old, female, and well-knowledged respondents has a higher awareness of doing 3M than other groups. Rural citizens with a good awareness of doing 3M (87.78%) are bigger than urban citizens (76.02%). Conclusion: The good awareness of rural citizens has shown that both area's citizens already had the equality of information access, especially about Covid19 prevention and the government's policy and programs to reduce the spread of Covid199

Dust (Total Suspended Particulate) is one type of air pollutant that often found. Dust exposure in long time can cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of dust exposure in the Unit Packer PT X. This research is descriptive using Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA). The variables were dust hazard identifi cation, dose-response analysis, exposure analysis, and risk characteristics. The average dust concentration in Packer Unit 7.01 mg/m3 so it was below the TLV (Threshold Limit Value) of the Health Minister Decree of The Republic of Indonesia No. 1405/Menkes/SK/XI/2002 concerning Requirements and Environmental Health Offi ce Work Industry. Intake received the largest individual that is on Packer Unit 1 is 0.621 mg/kg/day and RQ > 1, which means the population is has a risk for non-carcinogenic effects in the next 30 years. In addition, the presence of dust in the workplace can cause effects inconvenience in work and when inhaled for a long time can also be a negative impact on the health of the workforce. So that, it needed to control as a preventive measure such as maintain the fi lters dust, reduce the number exposure by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators (anti-dust masker), and reducing the duration of dust exposure such as employee work rotation to other unit.

Community activities during the Covid-19 pandemic that runs from home such as school and work led to an increase in non-medical household waste and medical waste (masks). The aim of study was to analyze the implementation of the management of household waste (medical and non-medical) by the community in Surabaya during the pandemic Covid-19.  The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design.  Data was collected through observation and questionnaires online for one month. The variables analyzed were the level of community knowledge and actions in the application of 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) and waste sorting. Results of research on the level of knowledge demonstrated 57,73% out of 220 people with a good knowledge level. A total of 30,9% of the people implementing the 3R, as many as 47,7% of people apply organic and non-organic waste sorting, while 16.4% of people who apply medical and non-medical waste segregation. From these results, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of the people of Surabaya City is high but the application of waste management by the people in the City of Surabaya (application of 3R, sorting organic and non-organic waste, and sorting medical and non-medical waste) is low. Encouragement and strict regulation are needed from central and local government in waste management to support the health and environmental hygiene. Keywords: Household waste, medical waste, waste management, waste sorting, Covid-19 Pandemic   ABSTRAK Aktivitas masyarakat selama pandemi Covid-19 yang berlangsung dari rumah seperti sekolah dan bekerja menyebabkan peningkatan sampah rumah tangga non medis dan sampah medis (masker). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga (medis dan non medis) oleh masyarakat Kota Surabaya selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan disain cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner online selama satu bulan. Variabel yang dianalisa adalah tingkat pengetahuan dan tindakan masyarakat dalam penerapan 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) dan pemilahan sampah. Hasil penelitian pada tingkat pengetahuan menunjukkan sebanyak 57,73% dari 220 masyarakat dengan tingkat pengetahuan baik.  Sebanyak 30,9% masyarakat menerapkan 3R, pada masyarakat yang menerapkan pemilahan sampah organik dan non organic sebanyak 47,7%, sedangkan masyarakat yang menerapkan pemilahan sampah medis dan non medis sebanyak 16,4%. Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Kota Surabaya tinggi namun penerapan pengelolaan sampah oleh masyarakat di Kota Surabaya (penerapan 3R, pemilahan sampah organik dan non organic, serta pemilahan sampah medis dan non medis) tergolong rendah. Diperlukan anjuran dan peraturan yang tegas dari pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam pengelolaan sampah untuk mendukung kesehatan dan kebersihan lingkungan. Kata kunci: Sampah rumah tangga, sampah medis, pengelolaan sampah, pemilahan sampah, pandemi Covid-19

ABSTRACT Small intestine infection caused by Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) occurs mostly in children living in developing country with poor sanitation. This study aims to determine the risk of giardiasis and personal hygiene conditions in pre-school students at KB-TK Al Amin Paciran Lamongan aged 2-6 years. Number of samples were 61 students, the dependent variable was the incidence of giardiasis, and independent variable was personal hygiene including nail hygiene, hand washing habit, footwear habit, and defecating habits. The result showed that 5 out of 61 students (8,2%) were infected with Giardia lamblia. All children (100%) with giardiasis had poor nail hygiene, footwear habit, and defecating habit. As many as 80% of students with giardiasis have poor handwashing habits. Students with poor footwear habit (OR=43,71; 95% CI 3,98-2046,9); open defecation habits (OR=13,33; 95% CI 1,40-628,05); poor nail hygiene (OR=12,31; 95% CI 1,29-580,49); poor hand washing habits (OR=5,73; 95% CI 0,5-290,96) had a greater risk of developing giardiasis. Supervision and healthy behavior are highly recommended, including using footwear when playing on the ground, defecating in the latrine, maintaining nail hygiene, and washing hands with soap before eating or after defecating. Keywords: Prevalence, giardiasis, personal hygiene, pre-school students   ABSTRAK Infeksi usus halus disebabkan oleh Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) banyak terjadi pada anak-anak yang tinggal di negara berkembang dengan tingkat sanitasi buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko terjadinya giardiasis dan kondisi hygiene perorangan pada murid PAUD  di KB-TK Al Amin Paciran Lamongan usia 2-6 tahun. Jumlah sampel adalah 61 murid, variabel dependen adalah kejadian giardiasis, dan variabel independen adalah hygiene perorangan meliputi kebersihan kuku, kebiasaan mencuci tangan, kebiasaan menggunakan alas kaki, dan kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 dari 61 murid (8,2%) terinfeksi Giardia lamblia. Seluruh murid (100%) dengan giardiasis mempunyai kebersihan kuku, kebiasaan menggunakan alas kaki dan kebiasaan BAB yang kurang baik. Sebanyak 80% murid dengan giardiasis mempunyai kebiasaan mencuci tangan yang kurang baik. Murid dengan kebiasaan menggunakan alas kaki kurang baik (OR=43,71; 95% CI 3,98–2046,9); kebiasaan BAB sembarangan (OR=13,33; 95% CI 1,40–628,05); kebersihan kuku kurang baik (OR=12,31; 95% CI 1,29-580,49); kebiasaan mencuci tangan yang kurang baik (OR=5,73; 95% CI 0,5–290,96) mempunyai risiko lebih besar terkena giardiasis. Pengawasan dan berperilaku hidup sehat sangat dianjurkan antara lain menggunakan alas kaki ketika bermain di tanah, membiasakan BAB di jamban, menjaga kebersihan kuku, dan mencuci tangan dengan sabun sebelum makan atau setelah buang air besar. Kata kunci: Prevalensi, giardiasis, hygiene perorangan, murid PAUD

Introduction: The Tuban Regency Health Profile in 2019 stated that the villages with ODF status had reached 64 villages (19.5%) out of 328 total villages, while the villages reported having implemented Community-Based Total Sanitation (CBTS) have reached 100%. The low ODF status achieved indicates that most people still defecate openly, which will increase health risks due to environmental pollution. This study aimed to determine the distribution map of diarrhea in toddlers in each district of Tuban Regency in 2019. Methods: This study was an observational research type supported by mapping through an application with a cross-sectional research design. This study was all districts in Tuban Regency. Data were obtained from secondary data, which were the Tuban Regency Health Profile in 2019. Results and Discussion: The percentage of latrine ownership was 71.15%, the open defecation was 70%, the percentage of children under five was not more than 14.69%, and cases of diarrhea among toddlers were relatively diverse in each district with the lowest number of cases was 0, and the highest number of cases was 841. Conclusion: Diarrhea in toddlers was commonly distributed in the Eastern and Southeastern Tuban Regency, directly adjacent to the Bengawan Solo River. There was a strong possibility that the occurrence of diarrhea was related to the water quality of Bengawan Solo River that was consumed for daily household activities.