Considering the potential applications of transition metal doped nanostructured materials and the advantages of novel, cost-effective and environmental friendly biosynthesis methods, Ni-doped SnO2 nanomaterials have been synthesized using remnant water (ideally kitchen waste) collected from soaked Bengal gram beans (Cicer arietinum L.) extract. The structural and optical properties of the Ni-doped SnO2 nanostructures were studied using various techniques such as UV/visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM, TEM images and XRD of biosynthesized Ni-SnO2 nanoparticles reveal uniform size distribution with the average size of 6 nm and confirmed the formation of rutile structure with space group (P42/mnm) and nanocrystalline nature of the products with spherical morphology.Subsequently, Ni-doped biosynthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were coated onto the glass substrate using doctor blade method to form thin films. The NO2 sensing properties of the materials have been studied in comparison with other gases.The reported gas sensing results are promising, which suggest that the Ni-dopant is a promising noble metal additives to fabricate low cost SnO2 based sensor.

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Research on hydroxyapatite is experiencing a remarkable increase during the recent years due to its potential biological and biomedical applications. Herein, we have synthesized nano‐hydroxyapatite (HAp) by solid state reaction (SSR), wherein recycled eggshell bio‐waste as Ca precursor on processing is reacted with synthetic ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate to form hydroxyapatite (SSHAp). The solid state synthesis reaction is studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and crystal structure of SSHAp nanoparticles is characterized and found to be spherical and free of aggregation with average crystallite size ∼ 10 nm. The SSHAp nanoparticles show large surface area (9.64 m2g−1). Furthermore, the invitro bioactivity and osteogenic activity of SSHAp is investigated. The osteogenic activity is evaluated by incubating the SSHAp with hFOB cells. The SSHAp is observed to promote appreciable cell attachment and proliferation unlike in control material. While hFOB cells is found to express higher level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, osteonectin, BMP‐2 and GAPDH on the SSHAp bone graft. The results show that SSHAp nanoparticles graft is bioactive, nontoxic and osteogenic, and has the potential to promote bone therapy applications. The HAp is synthesized using recycled bio‐waste contributing to green chemistry, addressing the environmental concerns of recycle and reuse.

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