“…Indeed, given the environmental and material constraints, alternative anode materials for battery research should be developed to identify material choices that exhibit high energy density at low operating voltage while providing outstanding stability and safety. So far, various metal oxides, transition metal sulfides (MoS 2 , FeS 2 , Co 9 S 8 , VS 2 ), carbon-based materials and Sn-based materials have been investigated as anode materials [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”