Silica and phosphate based bioactive glass nanoparticles (58SiO2-33CaO-9P2O5) with doping of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterised. Bioactive glass nanoparticles were produced using sol-gel technique. In vitro bioactivity of the prepared samples was investigated using simulated body fluid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of prepared glass particles reveals amorphous phase and spherical morphology with a particle size of less than 50 nm. When compared to neem doped glass, better bioactivity was attained in silver doped glass through formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface, which was confirmed through XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. However, neem leaf powder doped bioactive glass nanoparticles show good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and less bioactivity compared with silver doped glass particles. In addition, the biocompatibility of the prepared nanocomposites reveals better results for neem doped and silver doped glasses at lower concentration. Therefore, neem doped bioactive glass may act as a potent antimicrobial agent for preventing microbial infection in tissue engineering applications.

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Owing to the hazards of chemical and physical syntheses of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), an eco-friendly, high-yield, and promising biological method is highly desirable for biomedical applications. Hence, in this study, an extremophilic actinobacterial population (SA8 and SA10) from Salem magnesite mining soil was used as precursors for MgO NP synthesis. The prepared nanoparticles were subjected to X-ray diffraction study and showed face-centred cubic structure with an average particle size of 18-24 nm. Among all, high yield was obtained in SA10 actinobacteria-mediated synthesis of MgO NPs (480 mg/100 mL). In addition, the prepared MgO NPs (10 mg/well) showed 15-17 mm zone of inhibition against bacterial pathogens, especially bigger zones around SA10. The 64.5% antioxidant activity and nonsignificant toxicity of actinobacteria-synthesized MgO NPs in MG-63 cell lines at 100 mg/mL and nonsignificant in vivo toxicity in zebrafish at 0.1 mg/mL were remarkable. In addition, this is the first study to focus on MgO NP synthesis using extremophilic actinobacteria collected from Salem magnesite mining soil for high yield (115 mg/100 mL), reliable with potential antioxidant, and in vitro and in vivo compatibility. These results provided useful information for advanced research and mass production of NP for biomedical applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

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