In VitroBioactivity and Antimicrobial Tuning of Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Added with Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder

Abstract

Silica and phosphate based bioactive glass nanoparticles (58SiO2-33CaO-9P2O5) with doping of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterised. Bioactive glass nanoparticles were produced using sol-gel technique. In vitro bioactivity of the prepared samples was investigated using simulated body fluid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of prepared glass particles reveals amorphous phase and spherical morphology with a particle size of less than 50 nm. When compared to neem doped glass, better bioactivity was attained in silver doped glass through formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface, which was confirmed through XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. However, neem leaf powder doped bioactive glass nanoparticles show good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and less bioactivity compared with silver doped glass particles. In addition, the biocompatibility of the prepared nanocomposites reveals better results for neem doped and silver doped glasses at lower concentration. Therefore, neem doped bioactive glass may act as a potent antimicrobial agent for preventing microbial infection in tissue engineering applications.

Mesoporous bioactive glass embedding propolis and cranberry antibiofilm compounds

“…The mentioned antioxidative property could possibly have an interaction with silanols and other compounds present on the BG surfaces, which are fundamental for HCAp formation. Moreover, another study reporting the incorporation of natural Neem plant particles, rich in similar flavonoid and phenolic structures to PACs, into BG powders presented also a decreased bioactivity in terms of HCAp formation . Consequently, more studies are needed to understand the exact chemical interactions in which PACs flavonoids could interfere whith BG bioreactivity.…”

“…Previous studies have reported the incorporation of natural compounds as antibiofilm agents into BGs and MBGs . For example, surface functionalization of BGs has been explored for the incorporation of natural biomolecules such as polyphenols, which have potential antibacterial benefits .…”

Anti‐biofilm properties of bioactive glasses embedding organic active compounds

“…Besides the beneficial antibacterial effect, neem‐doped BG nanoparticles were analyzed by MTT assay and exhibited reduced cytotoxic effects. Results of that study established that neem doped BG was a biocompatible and potent anti‐biofilm agent for tissue engineering applications …”

“…Essential oils derived from plants have numerous desirable properties being antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and having insecticide potential . Regarding natural organic compounds as favorable antibacterial agents in combination with BGs, Prahbu et al studied the in vitro antimicrobial effect of BGs of composition (58SiO 2 ‐33CaO‐9P 2 O 5 ) incorporating neem plant ( Azadirachta indica ) leaf powder, a natural antiviral and antibacterial compound against a broad spectrum of bacteria . BG nanoparticles (NPs) doped with neem´s leaf powder were analyzed by using Kirby‐Bauer disc diffusion method and exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli cultures.…”

“…Another factor to consider is the type of active compound embedded into the BG carrier. As mentioned above, studies have been performed involving natural organic compounds such as essential oils and phototherapeutics as essential oils, which appear as valid alternatives for synthetic drugs . Consequently, new challenges have emerged to incorporate natural derived agents into BG compositions with the purpose of inducing antibacterial and health‐promoting effects at receptor sites.…”