Mastitis is a breast tissue disease with a high incidence in dairy cows and implications ranging from the health of the animals to the economy of the sector. Although antibiotic therapy is widely used, the search for new perspectives in the management and treatment of this disease is necessary. Although phage research preceded the discovery of antibiotics, with the appearance of antibiotics and their efficiency in treating infections, phage therapy fell into disuse. However, phage therapy has now re-emerged as an alternative for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. The relationship between phages, bacteria, and the immune system is unique, generating a wide range of opportunities, some of which have yet to be studied. Thus, the objective of this review was to analyze the use of bacteriophages in the control of bovine mastitis and its association with other natural products today. Phages have been shown to exert effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity, and their interactions with other substances of natural origin could be a viable path for treating disease. Despite being little explored, phages are already being considered as an alternative for treatment against the main bacterial agents of mastitis. In this review, the safety and future pathways of phage therapy are addressed in order to indicate points where research still needs to progress and the main advantages and difficulties in this area.
Staphylococcus sp. are responsible for several clinical problems in fish farming and humans. This microorganism has a high risk associated with its presence in large numbers, as they have the ability to produce, under certain conditions, thermostable enterotoxins, which, when ingested, cause poisoning and various foodborne diseases. Present in aquaculture environments, Staphylococcus sp, have great potential to acquire antibiotic resistance, due to the use of such substances in the indiscriminate treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial diseases. The presence of food resistant Staphylococcus sp is a current problem in food production and marketing and is a potential danger to human health and a risk to the world fish industry. One hundred tilapia fillet samples were used for isolation of Staphylococccus sp., obtained from fishes located in northwestern Paraná state. It was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with ten antibiotics. Regarding the 100 samples analyzed, all showed resistance: Tetracycline 18%, Penicillin 31%, Enrofloxacin 14%, Erythromycin 12%, Vancomycin 15%, Gentamicin 14%, Oxacillin 20%, Ampicillin 28% and Cephalothin 11%. The emergence of resistant microorganisms in food is worrying as it can cause serious infections, hospitalizations, and death.
Bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are a serious One Health problem, as new alternatives for treatment do not appear at the same speed. Thus, the aim of this work was to carry out a survey of studies involving the activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare and its isolated compound carvacrol on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To this end, a qualitative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2020. Both for the essential oil and for the isolated compound, the inhibitory action extends to strains often associated with difficult-to-treat infections such as oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, β-lactamase-producing strains, carbapenemases, among others. The point that distinguishes the studies is the type of methodology used in the tests, with studies with carvacrol more directed towards mechanisms of molecular action and application in cells and animals, while those with oils are more preliminary. Although these substances have potential to control resistant bacteria, more research is needed to enable their use.
Periodontal disease is one of the most common and prevalent oral diseases in dogs. With the increasing closeness between man and the animals of company, the care with the health and well-being of those animals also increase. Being the bacterial plaque the main cause of periodontal disease, oral care performed by dog owners are essential for the prevention and control of this disease. There are a lot of alternatives, developed exclusively for animal use, which assist in oral hygiene. There are data on the use of active natural products in the prevention of halitosis, dental plaque and calculus, in the form of antiseptic substances, but the volume of information is still scarce. Natural substances, used since immemorial times for treatment of diseases, have the potential to integrate oral care products, such as main or adjuvant active agent in the formulation of the most varied compounds. This is the result of desirable actions in oral and dental therapies, as anti-inflammatory, healing and antimicrobial. This article reviews the information available on the subject and seeks to indicate what is possible to do overcome the gap between research and application of these products on a day-to-day basis.
As doenças veiculadas por alimentos constituem um grave problema de saúde pública. Estimam-se que milhões de pessoas, em todo o mundo, são acometidas por doenças transmitidas por alimentos, e a maioria delas está ligada aos hábitos de higiene precários dos manipuladores, como higienização e controle ambiental de parasitas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses em manipuladores de alimentos das escolas públicas do município de Umuarama-PR e verificar possíveis associações da positividade para enteroparasitoses com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e ambientais. Participaram deste estudo 100 manipuladores de alimentos, todos do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 22 a 63 anos. Foram avaliados alguns aspectos socioeconômicos, que se relacionam com aspectos epidemiológicos das enteroparasitoses, como: faixa etária, sexo, renda familiar mensal, nível de escolaridade, número de pessoas residentes, condições de moradia, abastecimento de água, local das refeições, destino dos dejetos, instalações sanitárias, destino do lixo, hábito de ingerir frutas e verduras diariamente. No total das amostras estudadas, apenas 3% estavam parasitadas pelo protozoário, pertencendo à classe das Entamoebas, a Entamoeba coli. Apesar desta baixa frequência encontrada nesta pesquisa, ressalta-se a importância da educação sanitária como bons hábitos de higiene pessoal e de manipulação correta de alimentos, uma vez que podem ser transmitidos aos demais indivíduos, atuando desta forma na prevenção destas parasitoses e garantindo melhor qualidade de vida.
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