Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most incident in Spain, according to Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) and is the second cause of death by cancer in Spain. Although the OS in metastatic setting has increased to 24-30 months, the 5-year OS continues to be less than 12%. The first and second line of treatment are well defined; however, there are few therapeutic options for those patients who have progressed to these standard therapies. After progression to the second line of treatment, the only therapeutic options with approved specific indication are Regorafenib and Trifluridine and Tipiracil. Trifluridine and Tipiracil has shown its efficacy in two randomized clinical trials comparing Trifluridine and Tipiracil versus placebo: a Phase II and a Phase III study (RECOURSE). In the previous Phase II study, the mOS was 9.0 months in the group treated with Trifluridine and Tipiracil, compared to 6.6 months in the placebo group. In the RECOURSE study, among patients treated with Trifluridine and Tipiracil mPFS was 2 months versus 1.7 months among those treated with placebo, and mOS was 10,5 with Trifluridine and Tipiracil vs 7,6 with placebo. We described the clinical characteristic of patients treated with Trifluridine and Tipiracil in seven hospitals from Madrid; identifying and analyzing clinical factors associated with long-term response. Methods: We collected retrospectively the clinical data of 98 patients who had received treatment with Trifluridine and Tipiracil until January 2018 in seven different hospitals in Madrid. Results: The mean age at first use of Trifluridine and Tipiracil was 666 9.45 years, 57.5% were men and 42.3% were women, most of them in good performance status P À 268 Advanced colorectal cancer and risk factors for survival
This program was developed as a universal model of typical devices for protecting electrical networks with insulated neutral. Imitation experiments are executed by the design of working operating and emergency modes. It has been established as in real-world conditions with unselective wearing-outs of protecting as possible. IntroductionPower systems are exposed to damage and abnormal operated modes. The main reasons of damage are: the violations of isolation current parts, overvoltage, mechanical damage, damages of wires and supports electricity transmission line, connecting with their unsatisfactory state, ice surface and etc. [1].For protecting power systems from damage and abnormal modes of work are used the different types of relay protection and automation. However, in the process of exploitation power grid there are many situations, leading to the non-selective protection of operation work. The most common situations include the fluctuations of voltage in the mining industry where powerful electro-consumers are: fans, lifting options, main conveyors and and so forth. For example: undervoltage of network leads to failure of protection devices, in emergency operation of work on the protected accession, as the voltage increases -to the unselective disconnecting as emergency operation out of the protected accession. Uncontrolled changes of the protected networks in the parameters lead to decrease to efficiency of the protection means.Calculation of settings and characteristics of operation for the grid of enterprise is producing at the moment of their planning, from the calculation of their maximal power. The most cases of operating electric chart, energy supplies of entered and developing enterprises again (the period of exit enterprise to full capacity could be reached for a few years) considerably differs from designed. While the map of setpoints remains unchanging, so becomes the main reason of unselective operation to protecting devices. Especially, it is characteristically for the enterprises of mining industry, particularly for coal and ore mines.The repair modes, also modes of reserve feed from substations are different from power require the additional groups of setpoints operetion, that remains without of attention and as the results of unselective actions at defensive devices.In addition, considerable influence on efficiency of protecting exert capabilities and settings of protecting electrical network. Maintainly in the expended case of sourcing electricity and electrical transmission line with equally spaced settings of demand specifications and time-varying parameters of defensive electrical network include in general the power source of electrical main with distributed constants capacity as usual induction motor and elements of devices, formation an integral part of protection. Simulation Modes Of Relay Protection Devices In Networks With Insulated Neutral EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web and Information Technology Research ArticleKeywords: the network with the insulated neutral, ...
Relevance: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and ranks fifth in cancer incidence worldwide. The only curative approach to localized gastric cancer is radical surgery with or without prior chemotherapy. But chemotherapy is the main treatment method for metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. Later stages of gastric cancer are highly resistant to chemotherapy; therefore, there is a need for modern treatment approaches. Particular attention is paid to therapy for metastatic/locally advanced gastric cancer. The study aimed to describe the possibilities of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: The data from modern literary sources of recent years were studied using specialized scientific search engines: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for the possibility of promising application of various immunotherapeutic approaches in treating metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. Results: The article describes modern methods of treatment of metastatic or locally advanced SC using ICIs, including PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, demonstrates the mechanisms of immunological surveillance, characteristics of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and their significance in suppressing the T-cell response. The effectiveness of using ICIs, particularly PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, has been established in the first and subsequent lines of therapy. Conclusion: ICIs are a recent finding in antitumor therapy. Frequent resistance of gastric cancer to chemotherapy urges the use of ICIs to treat advanced gastric cancer.
Relevance: Cancer during pregnancy is uncommon and found in 1/1000 pregnant women. An increasing number of women worldwide plan childbearing at 30 years when the risk of malignant diseases increases. During pregnancy, cancers inherent with the reproductive period in women are more likely. These cancers include breast cancer and cervix cancer. This article reviews the principles of treating pregnant women with these cancers. The study aimed to systematize relevant literature reviews for the past decade to efficiently choose diagnostic and treatment tactics for pregnant women with breast cancer and cervix cancer without harming the fetus and gravid. Methods: We analyzed the literature sources from different authors on the frequency of cancer of such localizations as breast cancer and cervical cancer associated with pregnancy in patients of reproductive age. When selecting literary sources, attention was paid to the history of the disease, complaints, features of diagnostic methods, and the choice of optimal treatment methods. The analysis was based on comparative data from the studied literary sources for the past ten years. Results: The value and the adequacy of different diagnostic methods of research that have no threat to gravid and fetus and are recommended for pregnant patients were established. Considering a patient’s condition, gestation, and stage of the disease, the best treatment options for those cancer types were identified. Possibilities were studied on preserving patients’ fertility after treatment of these cancers. Conclusion: Malignant tumors of the reproductive system alternating with pregnancy are statistically rare. However, medical oncologists have to solve the problem of the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant patients. The choice of the diagnostic methods and the type of treatment must be individual. Having appropriate examinations and the staging done, Multidisciplinary Tumor Board approves the patient management plan. Practitioners face the problematic issue of choosing optimal diagnostic and treatment measures, and this situation requires further investigations and methodological developments in pregnancy management complicated with oncological diseases
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