Background: Falls have been implicated as the second highest cause of disability and death in the old population across the world. Some studies have shown that physical exercise applied alone and/or combined with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may improve mental activity and motor functions reducing the frail and the likelihood of falls. In this research was investigated whether physical and mental exercises training (PMET) combined with the NIBS procedure would reduce better the likelihood of falls in adult's elderly as compared to the PMET by itself. Methods: A rigorous previous selective procedure was used for selecting 57 frail elderly subjects who were later randomly separated into two groups one of which nominated as experimental (FEG) and the o ther the control group (FCG). The FEG group practiced physical and mental exercises adjointly to a method of noninvasive brain stimulation. The FCG group received the same physical and mental exercises program as the FEG group practiced, but did not pass by the non-invasive brain stimulation procedure. Electroencephalographic data, propensity for falls and reaction time were evaluated in a version of pre and post intervention comparisons. The obtained data were treated using ANOVA ONE WAY with Tukey's posterior test, Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's and Spearman's correlation, all with a significance of 5%. Results: The conjugation of the NIBS to physical and mental training promoted decrease of the propensity for falls, enhance the reaction time, and modulated, both, Alpha and SMR bands. If taken together, it can be assumed that this program, moreover, was also efficient to reduce the adult's elderly of the experimental group their physical and mental frailty as indicated by their frailty test scores taken comparatively between the pre to the post intervention performances.
Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar as variáveis antropométricas e de aptidão física de crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos em diferentes estágios de maturação sexual. Foram coletadas amostras de 436 escolares de Porto Velho, RO, 218 meninos e 218 meninas. Foi utilizado o protocolo de Tanner para dividir a amostra em relação aos estágios de 1 a 4 e na sequência foram coletados os dados de antropometria (peso, altura e IMC) e aptidão física (flexibilidade, força e corrida/caminhada). Este estudo caracterizou-se como "ex-post-facto", portanto, utilizou-se a média e desvio padrão, seguido de análise de variância (Anova "one-way") com "post-hoc" de Bonferroni, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Não foram encontradas diferenças nas variáveis antropométricas para os dois sexos. Nos testes de aptidão física foram encontradas diferenças relativas à flexibilidade e corrida/caminhada no sexo feminino e nas variáveis força e corrida/caminhada no sexo masculino.
The postural assessment method most frequently used among Brazilian studies hasbeen photogrammetry. Objective: To verify that the software most used in photogrammetry currently in experimental studies published in Brazilian journals. A systematic review, following the PRISMA recommendations. The key terms were chosen through Descriptors Health (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), finding in Portuguese: Photogrammetry; software; posture; Spinal Diseases; Measurement Equipment, and the English language: Photogrammetry; software; posture; Spinal Diseases; Measurement Equipment. The terms were inserted into the bases of national and international data: SciELO; PUBMED, and the search site Google Scholar (G.S). Were included for analysis 11 articles, which had five different types of software on their assessments, and the software was found more SAPO® (n=6), followed by Corel Draw® (n=2), Proturograma® (n=1) APADIO (n=1) and APAS (n=1). We conclude that the more the software used (SAPO®) ".
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