Several studies have demonstrated a diversity of bacterial species in human milk, even in aseptically collected samples. The present study evaluated potential probiotic bacteria isolated from human milk and associated maternal variables. Milk samples were collected from 47 healthy women and cultured on selective and universal agar media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial isolates were counted and identified by Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry and then tested for probiotic properties. Total bacteria in human milk ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 log CFU/mL. The higher bacterial counts were found in colostrum (mean = 3.9 log CFU/mL, 95% CI 3.14-4.22, p = 0.00001). The most abundant species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 76). The potential probiotic candidates were Lactobacillus gasseri (n = 4), Bifidobacterium breve (n = 1), and Streptococcus salivarius (n = 4). Despite the small sample size, L. gasseri was isolated only in breast milk from mothers classified into a normal weight range and after a vaginally delivered partum. No potential probiotics showed antagonism against pathogens, but all of them agglutinated different pathogens. Nine bacterial isolates belonging to the species L. gasseri, B. breve, and S. salivarius were selected as potential probiotics. The present study confirms the presence in breast milk of a bacterial microbiota that could be the source of potential probiotic candidates to be used in the formula of simulated maternal milk.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar como são construídas as pesquisas de natureza qualitativa em artigos sobre a Teoria dos Custos de Transação (TCT), considerando as publicações dos anais da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural (Sober), de 2007 a 2011. Foram focados aspectos metodológicos relacionados aos tipos de pesquisa, recorte temporal, métodos de coleta, tipos de dados e métodos de análise utilizados. Para tanto, realizou se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem teórica, recorte transversal com perspectiva longitudinal e fundamentada em dados secundários. Os resultados demonstraram que grande parte dos artigos analisados é de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, com recorte transversal, sendo o questionário, seguido por entrevistas estruturadas, os métodos de coleta predominantes. Os dados primários em conjunto com os secundários foram os mais utilizados. Os métodos de análise não se apresentaram de forma clara nos artigos selecionados, sendo observadas três situações: a) não são citados; b) são citados, mas não são explicados e observados no momento da análise; c) são citados e explicados, mas não são adotados na análise. Concluiuse que a ausência de rigor metodológico, notadamente nos métodos de coleta e análise de dados, prejudica a análise dos resultados, reduzindo a possibilidade de contribuição dos trabalhos para o avanço do conhecimento que envolve a TCT. Palavras-chaves:Teoria dos Custos de Transação, pesquisa qualitativa, procedimentos metodológicos. RESR, Piracicaba-SP, Vol. 51, Nº 4, p. 745-764, Out/Dez 2013 -Impressa em Fevereiro de 2014 Com a propagação de estudos sobre essa temática, tornase relevante entender, em ter mos metodológicos, como se dá a interação entre os pressupostos teóricos da TCT e os princípios Abstract: To exam how qualitative research is built in articles involving the Transaction Costs Theory (TCT), considering publications listed from 2007 to 2011 of the congress of Brazilian Society for Rural Economics, Administration and Sociology (Sober) is the aim of this paper. Therefore, it was considered, mainly, methodological aspects related to the research types, time frame, collection methods, data types and analysis methods used. For this purpose, it was carried a qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory type, with theoretical approach, cut crosssectional and longitudinal perspective based on secondary data. The results showed that most of the articles analyzed involved qualitative research, exploratory type, with cross-cut and questionnaire, followed by structured interviews, as the predominate data collection methods. The primary data, along with the secondary data, were the most used. The analysis methods were not clear in any of the selected quality articles. Three situations were observed: a) they are not cited; b) they are cited, but not explained or observed in the analysis; c) they are quoted and explained, but not adopted in the analysis. It was concluded that the lack of me...

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