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Three phenylpropanoid-conjugated iridoid glucosides, acetylgaertneric acid (1), acetyldehydrogaertneroside (2), and dehydrogaertneric acid (10), together with nine known related iridoid glucosides (3-9, 11, and 12), two coumaroyl alkaloids, one benzenoid, and three flavonoid glucosides were isolated from leaves of Morinda morindoides (Rubiaceae). Structures of these isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-18 and previously isolated compounds (19-29) were evaluated for anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen strain (trypomastigote and amastigote) together with cytotoxicity against host cells, new-born mouse heart cells. Among them, molucidin (21) and prismatomerin ( 22) exhibited good anti-trypanosomal activity (IC 50 of 4.67 and 5.70 µM, respectively), together with cytotoxicity (CC 50 of 2.76 and 3.22 μM, respectively). Compounds 1-18 did not show anti-malarial activity against a chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial efficacy and the acute toxicity of the 80% ethanol extracts of Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata stem barks. The in vivo antimalarial efficacy of these extracts was investigated alone or in combination by the 4-day suppressive test. To assess the acute toxicity, mice were treated with a single oral dose of each individual (2,000 mg/kg) and combined extract (≤ 1,200 mg/kg). During 7 days, the animals were observed for any clinical signs of toxicity, changes in body weight and mortality. At 200 mg/kg, Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata extracts resulted, respectively, in 57.2 %, 45.3 % and 32.6 % reduction of parasitemia in mice. The combination therapy of Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata (50 and 200 mg/kg of each extract) showed increased protection and survival rate associated with a significant delay of recrudescence compared with each monotherapy. No acute toxicity was observed in all the treated mice, and the 50 % lethal dose of the combined extract was assumed to be > 1,200 mg/kg. These results can partly support the use of these three plant parts for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Congolese traditional medicine.

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