Antimalarial efficacy and toxicity evaluation of 80% ethanol extracts from the stem bark of <i>Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata</i> and <i>Massularia acuminata</i>

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial efficacy and the acute toxicity of the 80% ethanol extracts of Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata stem barks. The in vivo antimalarial efficacy of these extracts was investigated alone or in combination by the 4-day suppressive test. To assess the acute toxicity, mice were treated with a single oral dose of each individual (2,000 mg/kg) and combined extract (≤ 1,200 mg/kg). During 7 days, the animals were observed for any clinical signs of toxicity, changes in body weight and mortality. At 200 mg/kg, Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata extracts resulted, respectively, in 57.2 %, 45.3 % and 32.6 % reduction of parasitemia in mice. The combination therapy of Enantia olivacea, Garcinia punctata and Massularia acuminata (50 and 200 mg/kg of each extract) showed increased protection and survival rate associated with a significant delay of recrudescence compared with each monotherapy. No acute toxicity was observed in all the treated mice, and the 50 % lethal dose of the combined extract was assumed to be > 1,200 mg/kg. These results can partly support the use of these three plant parts for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Congolese traditional medicine.

La toxicité subaiguë de l’écorce de racines de <i>Dichrostachys cinerea</i> (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae)

“…L'étude de la toxicité aiguë constitue la première étape des investigations d'innocuité. Cette étape avait montré des doses minimales toxiques supérieures à 1000 mg/kg pc d'un extrait hydro-éthanolique de Dichrostachys cinerea (Irié-N'guessan et al, 2011a) à l'instar d'une dose létale 50% supérieure à 1200 mg/kg pc d'une combinaison de plantes médicinales d'usage antipaludique (Kunyima et al, 2018).…”

In vivo antiplasmodial and toxicological studies of Dialium angolense Welw. Ex Oliv. (Fabaceae) leaves extracts, a medicinal plant from Eastern Congo

“…D. angolense presented an estimated LD50 greater than 2000 mg / kg, as some antimalarial remedies. This is the case of the root bark of Dialium guineense [50], or the case of some Congolese antimalarial medicinal plant lake Nauclea pobeguinii, Rubiaceae [51], Dalbergia katangensis Lecheneaud, Fabaceae [52] or a Congolese antimalarial phytomedicine that combines the plants Enantia olivacea Robyns & Ghesq., Annonaceae, Garcinia punctata Oliv., Clusiaceae and Massularia acuminata (G.Don) Bullock ex Hoyle, Rubiaceae [53].…”