La toxicité subaiguë de l’écorce de racines de <i>Dichrostachys cinerea</i> (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae)

Abstract

RESUME L'écorce de racines de Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae) est traditionnellement utilisée, par trituration aqueuse en instillations nasales, pour traiter l'asthme en Côte d'Ivoire. Des propriétés antispasmodiques sur la musculature lisse du tractus respiratoire d'une part, des propriétés antioxydante et analgésique d'autre part, d'un extrait hydro-éthanolique de cette partie de la plante, ont précédemment été mises en évidence. Les présentes investigations ont consisté en l'évaluation de paramètres cliniques, hématologiques et biochimiques au cours d'une étude de toxicité subaiguë des doses pharmacologiquement actives du même extrait de la drogue végétale. Les tests réalisés, par administration orale de l'extrait à 10, 100, et 1000 mg/kg pc chez des rats de souche Wistar, conformément aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE 407, n'ont pas mis en évidence d'effets toxiques significatifs ni sur les mensurations corporelles (température et poids), ni sur les éléments figurés du sang, ni sur les activités des transaminases ou sur les fonctions métaboliques glucidique et rénale. Ces résultats suggèrent que, dans l'usage antiasthmatique traditionnel de la crise d'asthme, l'extrait ne contient pas de substances mortelles sur 28 jours. Toutefois, des études de toxicité chronique seraient requises pour attester l'innocuité de l'écorce de racines de Dichrostachys cinerea dans un usage au long cours.

Acute Toxicity and In vivo Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts from Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll. Arg.

“…The results obtained on the various parameters (urea, creatinine, GGT, ALT, AST and ALP) by ASARE et al [17] who worked on the acute toxicity of Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats showed that there was no significant difference either for the dose of aqueous extracts at 2000 mg/kg body weight than at 5000 mg/kg body weight. Our results on the same biochemical parameters (Tables 4, 6 and 7) corroborate those of Asare et al [12] in Wistar albino rats poisoned by lead acetate and treated with P. odontadenius extracts at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. On the other hand, in NMRI albino mice subjected to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight, significant differences were found for three biochemical parameters including urea, ALT and GGT.…”

“…The toxic effects of a substance are the result of biochemical interactions between the substance and/or its metabolites and the structures of the organism to which it is administered, probably justifying the almost constant evaluation of biochemical and hematological parameters during toxicological studies [12]. This is where this study is justified in order to understand the acute toxicity and in vivo antioxidant activity of P. odontadenius, which until now seems to have never been studied.…”

“…The clinical use of a substance of therapeutic interest is always preceded by a toxicity test (acute, subacute, sub-chronic and chronic) in order to establish the incurred risk during its administration (Fané, 2002 reported by [12]. The variations in blood concentrations of urea and creatinine remained within the range of normal values for all batches, i.e.…”

“…The interest of this study is the in vivo orientation, on the one hand, on the beneficial effects of the possible secondary metabolites (antioxidant compounds) that P. odonadenius contains in order to prevent lesions caused by free radicals in the body especially in case of lead poisoning; and on the other hand, the study of acute toxicity constituting the first stage of safety investigations [12], thus determining by biochemical analyzes the acute toxicity of P. odontadenius plants, finally to the warn their users to guarantee the safe use of this plant.…”

Assessment of the acute, subacute and Subchronic toxicity of a total aqueous extract of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach and Thonn) Müll Arg (Euphorbiaceae) on rats Wistar

“…This same method was used by [17] who showed that the LD50 of ETAAC is greater than 5000 mg/kg of bw. Evaluating the signs of clinical and / or biological intoxication linked to repeated use of medicinal plants is judicious, especially since the acute use of medicinal plants is rather rare in traditional medicine [18] . Thus after daily administration of ETAAC at doses of 100 mg/kg of bw, 200 mg/kg of bw and 400 mg/kg of bw for 28 days and 60 days, the comparison of the values was made between the treated rats and the controls.…”