Objetivo: investigar la asociación del embarazo en la mujer adolescente con un resultado adverso en la morbilidad materna y del recién nacido.Métodos: estudio poblacional de cohorte. Se tomó la base de datos de la Red Perinatal de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá, en la cual están registrados los datos de atención del embarazo y parto de los hospitales públicos adscritos. Se incluyeron mujeres nulíparas entre 10 y 29 años atendidas entre el 1 de septiembre de 1998 al 31 de diciembre de 1999 en la red de hospitales adscritos a la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá (n = 8.045). En el análisis de cohorte se estableció si había asociación de la edad con cada una de las variables analizadas, mediante el cálculo de riesgo relativo (RR). Se reportan los RR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC). Los desenlaces evaluados fueron la vía de terminación del parto, ruptura prematura de membranas, pre-eclampsia, peso del recién nacido, prematurez, peso para la edad gestacional, enfermedad de la membrana hialina y puntaje de Apgar a los 5 minutos.Resultados: el ser adolescente es un factor protector que disminuye el riesgo de terminación del parto por cesárea (RR 0,85 IC95% 0,78-0,93) y de presentar preeclampsia (RR 0,65; IC95% 0,46-0,91). No se observó ninguna asociación respecto a la ruptura prematura de membranas. Se observó un incremento significativo de la morbilidad neonatal en las madres menores de 15 años. Variables que demostraron relación con la edad materna fueron prematurez (RR 1,88 IC95% 1,14 – 3,11), pequeño para la edad gestacional (RR 2,09; IC95% 1,24 – 3,52) y bajo peso (RR 1,61 IC95% 1,12 – 2,32).Conclusiones: en el análisis por grupos de edad las adolescentes de 10 a 19 años tienen una menor probabilidad de requerir cesárea y de presentar hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, que las mujeres entre 20 a 29 años. Los recién nacidos de adolescentes menores de 15 años tienen riesgos significativamente mayores de presentar prematurez, bajo peso y de ser pequeños para la edad gestacional, en comparación con los neonatos de madres de 15 a 29 años.

No abstract

BackgroundThere is still no consensus regarding the management of patients with massive liposarcomas located in the extremities. Several discrepancies related to the aggressiveness of the surgery and the application of concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and outcomes of a series of patients with massive liposarcomas of the extremities who were treated at a referral hospital specializing in musculoskeletal oncology.MethodsThis was an observational, descriptive and retrospective case series covering 10 years of clinical practice. The records of 26 adults, 14 men and 12 women, with localized massive liposarcomas in the extremities were studied. The average age was 53 years. The patients were treated from January 2003 until January 2012. Wide surgical resections with limb-sparing surgeries were performed for most patients (96.2 %).ResultsThe average tumour size was 15.1 ± 6.8 cm in the greatest dimension. Regarding the histological subtypes, there were 11 well-differentiated or atypical lipomatous tumours (42.3 %), 10 myxoid (38.5 %) and 5 (19.2 %) round cell and pleomorphic liposarcomas. Regarding the malignancy grades, 19 cases (73 %) were classified as low grade. Among these low-grade tumours predominated the well-differentiated subtype (57.9 %). Within high-grade tumours, the round cell and pleomorphic subtype was most frequent (57.1 %; p = 0.011). Radiotherapy was additionally applied to 12 patients (46.2 %) and adjuvant chemotherapy to 5 (19.3 %). Tumour recurrence was observed in only 2 cases (7.7 %). Only 1 of these cases developed lung metastatic dissemination.ConclusionsAcross the entire series, these massive tumours did not compromise the survival of the patients. The histologic subtype and the malignancy degree were closely related. Proper and early diagnosis and therapeutic management of these patients via the application of wide-margin surgical excision are essential to ensure long-term survival.

Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia disponible en cuanto a tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en tópicos tales como pruebas disponibles, cuándo iniciarlo, a qué intervalos, cuándo suspenderlo e indicaciones en mujeres sometidas a histerectomía por patología benigna.Metodología: se revisó la literatura publicada entre enero de 1999 y diciembre de 2003 en MEDLINE, PROQUEST y revistas que usualmente publican artículos referentes al tema, como el British Medical Journal, The Lancet y JAMA.Resultados: en programas de tamizaje organizados, las campañas educativas y las invitaciones por carta son las estrategias que dan mejores resultados; pese a las limitaciones de la citología convencional, no hay suficiente evidencia para recomendar de rutina el uso de nuevas tecnologías como la citología en base líquida, pruebas de virus de papiloma humano (VPH) o la inspección visual del cuello uterino con ácido acético (IVAA). Lo importante es lograr con ésta, una cobertura del 80% y un adecuado seguimiento. El tamizaje debe iniciarse en los primeros tres años posteriores al inicio de las relaciones sexuales, con un intervalo de un año en el caso de mujeres de alto riesgo, mientras que en las de bajo riesgo se puede hacer cada 2 ó 3 años. En quienes han tenido tamizaje regular y tres o mas citologías negativas en los últimos diez años es posible suspenderlo después de los 65 ó 70 años. En mujeres que han sido sometidas a histerectomía por patologías benignas se debe individualizar el manejo y practicar evaluación citológica periódica de la cúpula vaginal en mujeres con factores de riesgo.Conclusiones: la citología cervicouterina continúa siendo el pilar en los programas de tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino.

A serological test for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females at risk of developing cervical cancer could be based on conserved L1 peptides with low levels of antigenicity specifically recognized by antibodies from patients with cervical lesions infected with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. The aim was to assess the ability of L1 peptides 18283, 18294, and 18301 compared with the ability of virus-like particles (VLPs) to identify these infections in females. A total of 391 HPV-infected female volunteers were interviewed, and peripheral blood and cervical cells were obtained for detection of anti-HPV antibodies and HPV DNA; all of the patients had a Pap smear test; 287 patients were referred for colposcopy or biopsy, according to gynecological criteria. The level of agreement, as determined by the use of the Lin coefficient (rho value), showed that 75 to 83% of females with HR-HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions had antibodies that recognized VLPs and peptide 18283, 18294, or 18301, while 15 to 23% of the HPV DNA-negative females with a normal cytology had antibodies that recognized these three peptides and 45% had antibodies that recognized VLPs. The rate of agreement between peptides and VLPs for antibody detection was higher for patients with HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions. Peptides 18283, 18294, and 18301 showed similar sensitivities for the detection of HR-HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions and were more specific than VLPs. Peptide 18301 might be detecting protective antibodies in HPV DNA-negative females with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. These peptides could be useful for the design of a serology test for the detection of HR-HPV infection in females with cervical lesions and at risk of cervical cancer.More than 100 human papillomavirus (HPV) types infect human tissues; 40 of these types of viruses (named high-risk HPV [HR-HPV] types) are able to induce carcinomas such as cervical cancer (3, 23). About 70% of females become infected with HPV within the 2 years following the start of sexual activity (22,37), and 90% of these females have transient HPV infections (2, 13). Cervical lesions caused by persistent HPV infection are detected in about 5% of females; some of these can progress to cervical cancer. Seventy to 90% of HPV-infected females seroconvert 6 to 18 months after HPV DNA is detected, but this rarely occurs in females with transient HPV infection (1,4,25).There is a relationship between a high viral load and the progression of cervical lesions and cervical cancer (13, 27). The anti-HPV antibody response is correlated with the viral load (11, 36). Most potentially oncogenic, persistent, long-term HPV infections elicit an antibody response which can be detected by using virus-like particles (VLPs) (5,20). In fact, the anti-VLP antibody response is stable; is related to persistent infection, the viral load, and neoplastic lesion development; and is rarely found in patients with transient HPV infections (10,16,25,29).Seropositivity for VLPs seems to be a...

No abstract

No abstract

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the genotype distribution of HPV among women with a Pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) attending the Program for the Detection and Control of Cervical Cancer in Bogotá, Colombia. Study Design: Cervical samples from 200 women with an ASC-US Pap smear were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA and genotype distribution using a commercial molecular technique (Linear Array®; Roche Molecular Systems, USA). Results: HPV infection was found in 140 women (70%). High-risk HPV types were present in 46.4% of the samples; 16.4% showed a low-risk HPV type, and 37.1% showed both. Of the positive samples, 42.9% were infected with a single viral genotype, whereas 57.1% exhibited multiple HPV infections. The most common HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 53, and 52 with a prevalence of 26.4, 16.4, and 13.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The epidemiological characterization of HPV infections described in this study might guide actions for epidemiological surveillance to strengthen the program in Bogotá and to develop appropriate HPV vaccination programs.