No abstract

Objetivo: investigar la asociación del embarazo en la mujer adolescente con un resultado adverso en la morbilidad materna y del recién nacido.Métodos: estudio poblacional de cohorte. Se tomó la base de datos de la Red Perinatal de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá, en la cual están registrados los datos de atención del embarazo y parto de los hospitales públicos adscritos. Se incluyeron mujeres nulíparas entre 10 y 29 años atendidas entre el 1 de septiembre de 1998 al 31 de diciembre de 1999 en la red de hospitales adscritos a la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá (n = 8.045). En el análisis de cohorte se estableció si había asociación de la edad con cada una de las variables analizadas, mediante el cálculo de riesgo relativo (RR). Se reportan los RR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC). Los desenlaces evaluados fueron la vía de terminación del parto, ruptura prematura de membranas, pre-eclampsia, peso del recién nacido, prematurez, peso para la edad gestacional, enfermedad de la membrana hialina y puntaje de Apgar a los 5 minutos.Resultados: el ser adolescente es un factor protector que disminuye el riesgo de terminación del parto por cesárea (RR 0,85 IC95% 0,78-0,93) y de presentar preeclampsia (RR 0,65; IC95% 0,46-0,91). No se observó ninguna asociación respecto a la ruptura prematura de membranas. Se observó un incremento significativo de la morbilidad neonatal en las madres menores de 15 años. Variables que demostraron relación con la edad materna fueron prematurez (RR 1,88 IC95% 1,14 – 3,11), pequeño para la edad gestacional (RR 2,09; IC95% 1,24 – 3,52) y bajo peso (RR 1,61 IC95% 1,12 – 2,32).Conclusiones: en el análisis por grupos de edad las adolescentes de 10 a 19 años tienen una menor probabilidad de requerir cesárea y de presentar hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, que las mujeres entre 20 a 29 años. Los recién nacidos de adolescentes menores de 15 años tienen riesgos significativamente mayores de presentar prematurez, bajo peso y de ser pequeños para la edad gestacional, en comparación con los neonatos de madres de 15 a 29 años.

Neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) is common among infants with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), but we do not know whether affected neonates receive a timely diagnosis. We used data from the international PCD cohort and assessed the proportion of patients with PCD who had a history of NRD and their age at diagnosis, stratifying by presence of laterality defects. First we analyzed data from all participants diagnosed after 2000, followed by individuals from a subgroup diagnosed using stricter criteria. Among the 1375 patients in the study, 45% had a history of NRD and 42% had laterality defects. Out of the 476 children with definite PCD diagnosis, 55% had a history of NRD and 50% had laterality defects. Overall, 30% of children with PCD were diagnosed during the first 12 months of life. This varied from 13% in those with situs solitus and no NRD, to 21% in those with situs solitus and NRD, 33% in those with situs anomalies but no NRD, and 52% in those with both situs anomalies and NRD. Our results suggest that we need to improve our knowledge of the neonatal presentation of infants with PCD and apply it so that these patients will receive appropriate care sooner.

Background: It is well known that oxygen saturation (SpO2), measured by pulse oximetry, decreases as altitude increases. However, how SpO2 changes across childhood, and more specifically during sleep/wake states, at different high altitudes are less well understood. We aimed to perform a systematic review of all studies with direct SpO2 measurement in healthy children living at high altitude (>2500 meters above sea level [masl]) to address these questions. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SciELO databases were searched up to December 2018. Two independent reviewers screened the literature and extracted relevant data. Results: Of 194 references, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the use of different oximeters and/or protocols for data acquisition and reporting of different SpO2 central tendency and dispersion measures. The most relevant findings from the data were: 1) SpO2 is lower as altitude increases; 2) at high altitude, SpO2 improves with age through childhood; 3) SpO2 is lower during sleep and feeding in comparison to when awake, this SpO2 gap between wake and sleep states is more evident in the first months of life and narrows later in life; 4) SpO2 dispersion (inter-individual variation) is higher at younger ages, and more so during sleep; 6) In 6/20 studies the SpO2 values were non-normally distributed with a consistent left skew. Conclusions: At high altitude mean/median SpO2 increases in children with aging; a significant gap between wake and sleep states is seen in the first months of life, which narrows, as the infant gets older; SpO2 dispersion at high altitude is wider at younger ages; at high altitude SpO2 shows a non-normal distribution skewed to the left, this bias becomes more evident as altitude increases, at younger ages and during sleep. Ramírez-Cardich /2004 33 Perú 3750 1 mo 33 92.0 (mean) No data masl=meters above sea level, yrs=years, mo=months, wk=weeks, CI=confidence intervals, SD=standard deviation, IQR=interquartile range. Ramírez-Cardich/2004 33 Perú 3750 2 mo 32 92.0 (mean) No data

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common condition that affects 1%-4% of all children worldwide. If untreated this condition may lead to important sequelae, including cognitive and behavioural deficits, cardiovascular problems and growth fail-