Solid‐state photonic shells are prepared with a reactive cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixture that consists of a reactive mesogen mixture and the nonreactive chiral dopant. The shells are prepared using a microfluidic glass‐capillary chip, followed by UV‐curing and extraction of the chiral dopant. CLC shells with relatively uniform thickness are produced by density matching and annealing. The produced solid‐state CLC (CLCsolid) shells show a good reversible swelling/shrinkage behavior that is dependent on the solvent quality and temperature. The swelling or shrinkage simultaneously induces a color change in the reflection point at the center and in the cross‐communication dots. Encapsulation and release from the CLCsolid‐shell cores are successfully tested with Rhodamine 6G by controlling the solvent quality and temperature. Nanosized Fe3O4 particles encapsulated in the core give the CLCsolid shells mobility, and are assembled at the desired location using a magnet. The color changes caused by external stimuli can be applied to new types of small hollow sensors that will respond to changes in temperature, and solvent quality. The shells can be used, for example, as a chemical container that can be triggered by temperature to release for a delayed reaction, or in a security patch controlled by tuneable multicolored patterns.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Korean soybean paste (doen-jang [dwen-jahng]) (at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 5%) on the toxicity of 500 ppb of aflatoxin in the diets of 60 laying hens (Isa Brown) divided into five groups and treated from week 15 to week 67. The aflatoxin-treated hens exhibited many deleterious effects, including reduced body weight; increased relative organ weights; decreased egg production; aflatoxin accumulation in eggs; decreased serum calcium, phosphorus, and alanino amonotransferase (ALT) levels; increased serum gammaglutamil transferase and lactic dehydrogenase levels; and, most significantly, severely altered cell foci and sinusoid dilatation in the liver, relative to control hens. The feeding of 1% soybean paste to hens reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on body weight, relative organ weights, egg production, and aflatoxin accumulation in eggs and improved serum calcium and ALT levels and the histopathological lesions of the liver. The feeding of 5% soybean paste to hens resulted in higher levels of the same types of improvements, especially with regard to the histopathological findings for the liver. On the basis of these results, it was suggested that a diet including 5% (and in some cases only 1%) Korean soybean paste protected laying hens and their eggs from the major deleterious effects of 500 microg of aflatoxin per kg of diet and from aflatoxin accumulation. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with Korean soybean paste reduces aflatoxin toxicity in laying hens that ultimately produce human foods such as eggs and poultry.
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