Background: University students don’t have a healthy lifestyle so it is necessary to identify psychosocial variables that can increase it. Objective: To determine the relationship between the psychological capital (CapPsi) and lifestyle (EV) of Mexican university students. Method: A cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out among 320 students of a public university. The sample was non probabilistic by quotas. To assess the factors of CapPsi were used the General Scale of Self-efficacy, the Scale of Hope for Adults, Questionnaire of Resilience, the Life Orientation Test and; to assess the lifestyle was used the Fantastic questionnaire. Results: The variables of the CapPsi correlated with the healthy lifestyle; resilience (r = 0.505, p< 0.01); hope (r = 0.432, p < 0.01); optimism (r = 0.412, p < 0.01); and self-efficacy (r = 0.400, p < 0.01). The 33.3 of the total variance of the lifestyle was explained by the CapPsi (R2 = 0.333). Conclusions: Based on the results, it is assumed that the CapPsi improve lifestyle; however, further research is necessary to determine if the influence of CapPsi is in the adoption and / or maintenance of healthy lifestyle and identify how each one of its factors infl uences it particularly. The CapPsi has a representative percentage of prediction of healthy lifestyle. It is necessary that health promotion and prevention programs incorporate the approach of CapPsi to achieve a healthy lifestyle in the university students.
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is highly prevalent in Mexico. It is estimated that only a quarter of such cases are metabolically controlled. Control of DM requires effective interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación de la autoeficacia académica, el apoyo social académico y el bienestar escolar con el rendimiento académico, además de comparar estas variables por sexo. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal en el que se aplicaron la Escala de Autoeficacia en Conductas Académicas, la Escala de Apoyo Social Académico y la Escala de Bienestar en Contexto Académico. Con base en un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia participaron 304 estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad del occidente de México, 175 mujeres y 129 hombres con una media de edad de 20.82 (DE = 2.46) y 21.02 (DE = 3.10), respectivamente. La autoeficacia académica, el apoyo social académico y el bienestar escolar correlacionaron significativamente con el rendimiento académico y se identificó que es menos probable lograr un rendimiento académico satisfactorio cuando se cuenta con una autoeficacia académica baja y media. Las mujeres tienen un mejor rendimiento académico y un mayor bienestar escolar con relación a los hombres. La relevancia de este estudio radica en que muestra la factibilidad para realizar intervenciones que propicien el desarrollo de la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios en la modalidad semipresencial.
Background The death of a loved one was a challenge many people faced during the COVID-19 pandemic within the context of extraordinary circumstances and great uncertainty. Grief is an unavoidable part of life, and for most people, feelings of grief decrease naturally over time. However, for some people, grieving can become a particularly painful process with clinical symptoms that may require professional help to resolve. To provide psychological support to people who had lost a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic, an unguided web-based psychological intervention was developed. Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the web-based treatment, Grief COVID (Duelo COVID in Spanish; ITLAB), in reducing clinical symptoms of complicated grief, depression, posttraumatic stress, hopelessness, anxiety, and suicidal risk in adults. The secondary aim was to validate the usability of the self-applied intervention system. Methods We used a randomized controlled trial with an intervention group (IG) and a waitlist control group (CG). The groups were assessed 3 times (before beginning the intervention, upon completing the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention). The intervention was delivered on the web in an asynchronous format through the Duelo COVID web page. Participants created an account that could be used on their computers, smartphones, or tablets. The evaluation process was automated as part of the intervention. Results A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to the IG or CG and met criteria for inclusion in the study (n=45, 39.5% completed the intervention and n=69, 60.5% completed the waitlist period). Most participants (103/114, 90.4%) were women. The results indicated that the treatment significantly reduced baseline clinical symptoms in the IG for all variables (P<.001 to P=.006), with larger effect sizes for depression, hopelessness, grief, anxiety, and risk of suicide (all effect sizes ≥0.5). The follow-up evaluation showed that symptom reduction was maintained at 3 months after the intervention. The results from the CG showed that participants experienced significantly decreased levels of hopelessness after completing the time on the waitlist (P<.001), but their suicidal risk scores increased. Regarding the usability of the self-applied intervention system, the results indicated a high level of satisfaction with the Grief COVID. Conclusions The self-applied web-based intervention Grief COVID was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, hopelessness, risk of suicide risk, posttraumatic stress disorder, and complicated grief disorder. Grief COVID was evaluated by the participants, who reported that the system was easy to use. These results affirm the importance of developing additional web-based psychological tools to help reduce clinical symptoms in people experiencing grief because of the loss of a loved one during a pandemic. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638842; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04638842
RESUMENLa diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) se agudiza cuando las personas no se adhieren a su tratamiento. Se requiere evaluar los factores que influyen favorablemente al logro de la adherencia terapéutica. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre la autoeficacia y la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con DM2 atendidos en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 48 (UMF 48) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Método. Descriptivo -correlacional con 314 participantes. Se aplicaron la Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II versión III (EATDM -III) y el Spanish Diabetes Self-Efficacy. Resultados. La autoeficacia se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la adherencia terapéutica (r = .400, p < 0.01). Las personas autoeficaces fueron 3.46 veces más adherentes a su tratamiento que las no autoeficaces (RM = 3.46, p < .05). Discusión y conclusiones. Los hallazgos de esta investigación indican que la autoeficacia tiene un efecto favorable para la adherencia terapéutica en esta población de estudio. Se sugiere realizar intervenciones para fortalecer la autoeficacia de las personas respecto al tratamiento de la DM2.Palabras clave: Autoeficacia, adherencia terapéutica, diabetes mellitus 2, psicología de la salud. ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) is exacerbated when people do not adhere to their treatment. It requires evaluating the factors that influence favorably the achievement of adherence to treatment. Objective. Evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to treatment in patients with DM2 served in Family Medicine Unit No. 48 (UMF 48) of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Method. Descriptive-correlational with 314 participants. Were applied the Scale of Adherence to the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type II version III (EATDM -III) and the Spanish Diabetes Self-Efficacy. Results. Self-efficacy is positively and significantly associated with adherence to treatment (r = .400, p < 0.01).
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