Background: University students don’t have a healthy lifestyle so it is necessary to identify psychosocial variables that can increase it. Objective: To determine the relationship between the psychological capital (CapPsi) and lifestyle (EV) of Mexican university students. Method: A cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out among 320 students of a public university. The sample was non probabilistic by quotas. To assess the factors of CapPsi were used the General Scale of Self-efficacy, the Scale of Hope for Adults, Questionnaire of Resilience, the Life Orientation Test and; to assess the lifestyle was used the Fantastic questionnaire. Results: The variables of the CapPsi correlated with the healthy lifestyle; resilience (r = 0.505, p< 0.01); hope (r = 0.432, p < 0.01); optimism (r = 0.412, p < 0.01); and self-efficacy (r = 0.400, p < 0.01). The 33.3 of the total variance of the lifestyle was explained by the CapPsi (R2 = 0.333). Conclusions: Based on the results, it is assumed that the CapPsi improve lifestyle; however, further research is necessary to determine if the influence of CapPsi is in the adoption and / or maintenance of healthy lifestyle and identify how each one of its factors infl uences it particularly. The CapPsi has a representative percentage of prediction of healthy lifestyle. It is necessary that health promotion and prevention programs incorporate the approach of CapPsi to achieve a healthy lifestyle in the university students.
ResumenMediante un diseño factorial 2x3 (tipo de descripción pre-contacto, Específicas-Pertinentes (EP) y Correctas-Incorrectas (CI) x contenido de descripción, referentes a instancias, modalidades y relaciones) se constituyeron seis grupos de cuatro participantes que se expusieron a una tarea de igualación a la muestra de primer orden. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes que recibieron descripciones pre-contacto EP-modalidad y CI-relación obtuvieron los porcentajes de aciertos más altos en el entrenamiento (cercanos al 100%), pero el porcentaje de aciertos disminuyó progresivamente en las pruebas de transferencia. La precisión y pertinencia de las descripciones post-contacto cambió en función de la ejecución, siendo irrelevante la precisión de la descripción pre-contacto recibida. Los resultados se discuten con relación a otras investigaciones en las que se han manipulado el tipo y/o contenido de las descripciones pre-contacto. Palabras clave: descripción pre-contacto, descripción post-contacto, contenido, pruebas de transferencia, igualación de la muestra, teoría interconductual. EFFECTS OF TYPE AND CONTENT OF PRE-CONTACT DESCRIPTIONS ON CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION BEHAVIOR AND POST-CONTACT DESCRIPTIONS AbstractWith the use of a 3x2 factorial design (type of pre-contact description, Specific-Pertinent (SP), Correct-Incorrect (CI) x content concerning instances, modalities and relations) six groups of four participants were set up and exposed to a firstorder matching-to-sample task. Results showed that the participants who received pre-contact descriptions about SP-modality and CI-relation obtained the highest percentages of correct answers during training (close to 100%), but the percentage of correct answers decreased progressively in the transfer tests. The accuracy and relevance of post-contact descriptions changed depending on implementation, whereas the accuracy of pre-contact description received was irrelevant. Results are discussed in relation to other research that has manipulated the type and / or content of the pre-contact descriptions.
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación de la autoeficacia académica, el apoyo social académico y el bienestar escolar con el rendimiento académico, además de comparar estas variables por sexo. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal en el que se aplicaron la Escala de Autoeficacia en Conductas Académicas, la Escala de Apoyo Social Académico y la Escala de Bienestar en Contexto Académico. Con base en un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia participaron 304 estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad del occidente de México, 175 mujeres y 129 hombres con una media de edad de 20.82 (DE = 2.46) y 21.02 (DE = 3.10), respectivamente. La autoeficacia académica, el apoyo social académico y el bienestar escolar correlacionaron significativamente con el rendimiento académico y se identificó que es menos probable lograr un rendimiento académico satisfactorio cuando se cuenta con una autoeficacia académica baja y media. Las mujeres tienen un mejor rendimiento académico y un mayor bienestar escolar con relación a los hombres. La relevancia de este estudio radica en que muestra la factibilidad para realizar intervenciones que propicien el desarrollo de la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios en la modalidad semipresencial.
determinaron los efectos de la retroalimentación y el tipo de descripción de contingencias sobre la adquisición y transferencia de una conducta de discriminación condicional en una tarea de igualación de la muestra de primer orden (TIM-1). En el Experimento 1 se encontró que la mayoría de los participantes que recibieron descripciones específicas y pertinentes (EP) y descripciones correctas e incorrectas (CI) obtuvieron un porcentaje de respuestas correctas cercano al 100% en el entrenamiento. El porcentaje de respuestas correctas disminuyó en las pruebas de
In Mexico, healthy lifestyle has a low prevalence. The importance of a healthy lifestyle lies in avoiding the emergence of a chronic non-communicable disease. Thus, university administrative personnel are a vulnerable population due to working conditions that prevent them from having a healthy lifestyle, so it is necessary to analyze psychological variables that can explain how to promote and develop a healthy lifestyle. The purposes of this study were to identify relationships among lifestyle (LS) and positive psychological functioning (PPF) and their differences by gender in the administrative staff; a cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted. University administrative staff (n = 102), were recruited using the snowball sampling method, forming a non-probabilistic sample, completed the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire and the Positive Psychological Functioning Scale. LS has a statistically significant correlation with PPF (r = .355, p = .001); in addition, it is worth pointing out that showing a low level of PPF implies a lower probability of having a healthy LS (Ψ = 28.333, 4.965 – 161.675). Results suggest the relevance of interventions to develop psychological resources in people seeking the adoption of a healthy LS.
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