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OBJECTIVE: To study whether weight reducing treatment modulates serum concentration of TNF-a a and two soluble TNF-a a receptors in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Serum concentrations of TNF-a a and two soluble receptors (sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2), plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglicerides were measured in 27 obese subjects (age 48 AE 12 y, body mass index (BMI): 36 AE 6 kgam 2 ) before and after 3 months weight reducing treatment consisted of a diet & 1000 kcaladay and physical exercises. RESULTS: The mean loss of weight during 3 months' treatment was 9.3 AE 3.3 kg. The serum concentration of TNF-a a decreased after weight loss and at the same time both of the receptors (sTNF-R1,sTNF-R2) increased signi®cantly. CONCLUSION: The observed decrease of the serum concentration of TNF-a a and the increase in both TNF soluble receptors after weight reducing treatment in obese subjects, may be a counter-regulation preventing further weight loss.

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When compared to stable CAD and healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes are associated with long-term increase of serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It seems likely that sudden CAD progression leading to acute coronary syndromes is triggered/accompanied by prolonged immune activation.