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Urine specimens from 65 adult patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections that involved 91 episodes of well-defined acute pyelonephritis or cystitis were tested for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) by a fluorescent antibody assay, unbound bacteria-specific antibody by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and levels of total protein and IgG. Acute pyelonephritis was associated with positive tests for ACB (22 [69%] of 32), elevated levels of unbound antibody (28 [88%] of 32), and a mean RIA binding ratio of 9.4. Cystitis was associated with negative tests for ACB (56 [95%] of 59), low levels of antibody in urine (38 [64%] of 59), and a mean RIA binding ratio of 3.2. The results showed that a negative test for ACB may occur with elevated levels of unbound antibody in the urine because, although elevated, levels were still too low to result in detectable antibody coating of the bacteria. There was often, but not always, a correlation between RIA binding ratios and levels of urinary protein and IgG.

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Subjects with oral herpes lesions at the time of serum sampling had higher-efficiency antibody (higher proportion of neutralizing antibody as determined by plaque reduction, compared with total antibody as detected by radioimmunoassay) to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) than did subjects with no lesions at the time of serum sampling. These higher-efficiency sera also had higher antibody titers to structural components of herpes simplex virus type 1 than did the low-efficiency sera. Absorption of high- and low-efficiency sera with purified herpes simplex virus type 1 particles removed all neutralizing antibody but not all antibody detected by radioimmunoassay. High-efficiency serum was depleted of more antibody to particulate antigen that was the low-efficiency serum, indicating that the high-efficiency serum contained a higher proportion of antibody to the virus particle.

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Treatment of human sera with protein A reduced the amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM detected by radial immunodiffusion. This treatment also decreased the amount of herpes-specific IgG and IgM detected by radioimmunoassay, whereas it increased and even unmasked the amount of herpesspecific IgA detected. Comparison of protein A-treated sera with untreated sera indicated that herpes simplex virus type 1 IgG was responsible for more than 92 to 99% of the serum neutralizing activity.