Bacteria-Specific Antibody in the Urine of Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis and Cystitis

Ratner, Joan J.; Thomas, Virginia L.; Sanford, Barbara A.; Forland, Marvin

doi:10.1093/infdis/143.3.404

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…UTIs that progress to the kidneys can lead to the productions of antibodies specific for the infecting agent, but patients with infections limited to the bladder inexplicably fail to induce an antibody response 51 . This apparent defect in the antibody response of the bladder could be a major reason for the remarkable recurrence of UTIs, especially following bladder infection.…”

Section: Adaptive Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections

2015

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The urinary tract is constantly exposed to microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, but generally the urinary tract resists infection by gut microorganisms. This resistance to infection is mainly ascribed to the versatility of the innate immune defences in the urinary tract as the adaptive immune responses are limited, particularly when only the lower urinary tract is infected. In recent years, as the strengths and weaknesses of the immune system of the urinary tract have emerged and as the virulence attributes of uropathogens are recognized, several potentially effective and unconventional strategies to contain or prevent urinary tract infections have emerged.

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Section: Adaptive Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections

2015

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“…Focus is placed on the bladder as most infections of the upper UT originate from bacteria ascending from the bladder (7). The adaptive immune responses will not be discussed here as they appear limited following bladder infections (8). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Responses to Bladder Infection

Hayes¹,

Abraham

2016

Microbiol Spectr

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent bacterial infections of mankind. In spite of its frequency, the study of the immune system in the urinary tract has not attracted much attention. This could, in part, be attributable to the widespread use of antibiotics and similar antimicrobial agents which for many decades has been both highly effective and relatively inexpensive to administer. In light of the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria among UTI isolates, interest in understanding the immune system in the urinary tract (UT) has grown. Several recent studies have revealed the existence of a powerful and highly coordinated innate immune system in the UT designed to rapidly clear infecting pathogens; however, it also evokes harmful side effects.

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“…2 Antibody-coated bacteria have been used for many years to discriminate between upper and lower urinary tract infection, but unbound antibody may also be detected in urine. 3 High concentrations of unbound urinary IgG and IgA have been detected by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) in acute pyelonephritis, but in lower tract infection concentrations were low. Secretory IgA may, however, be detected in patients with cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of urinary lipopolysaccharide antibodies by ELISA as a screen for urinary tract infection.

et al. 1991

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Five hundred and twenty two clinical urine specimens submitted for routine microbiological examination were tested in parallel by conventional microscopy and culture and for lipopolysaccharide antibodies by an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ELISA as a screen for urinary tract infection. When the ELISA alone was compared with routine methods the specificity sensitivity, and predictive value of positive and negative tests was 73-2%, 75 7%, 51-1% and 38-5%. For ELISA with microscopy the same variables were 71-1%, 82-2%, and 92-4% and 94 7%, respectively. The ELISA absorbency increased with increasing bacterial numbers, but results varied widely. Only 65-4% of urines which contained > 105 bacterial/ml were positive by ELISA; 36-8% of urines with < 103 bacterialml were positive by ELISA; 100% of > 105 bacteria/ml cultures of Pseudomonas sp (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), and Streptococcus faecalis (n = 2) were positive by ELISA but only 71-4% of Proteus sp (n = 7), 61-4% coliforms (n = 70), and 25% of coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 4).It is concluded that further development is required before the ELISA can be used for routine screening for urinary tract infection.

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Bacteria-Specific Antibody in the Urine of Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis and Cystitis

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections

The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections

Innate Immune Responses to Bladder Infection

Measurement of urinary lipopolysaccharide antibodies by ELISA as a screen for urinary tract infection.

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