BackgroundSimulation-based nursing education is an increasingly popular pedagogical approach. It provides students with opportunities to practice their clinical and decision-making skills through various real-life situational experiences. However, simulation approaches fall along a continuum ranging from low-fidelity to high-fidelity simulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect size of simulation-based educational interventions in nursing and compare effect sizes according to the fidelity level of the simulators through a meta-analysis.MethodThis study explores the quantitative evidence published in the electronic databases EBSCO, Medline, ScienceDirect, ERIC, RISS, and the National Assembly Library of Korea database. Using a search strategy including the search terms “nursing,” “simulation,” “human patient,” and “simulator,” we identified 2279 potentially relevant articles. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained in the analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis showed that simulation-based nursing education was effective in various learning domains, with a pooled random-effects standardized mean difference of 0.70. Subgroup analysis revealed that effect sizes were larger for high-fidelity simulation (0.86), medium-fidelity simulation (1.03), and standardized patients (0.86) than they were for low-fidelity and hybrid simulations. In terms of cognitive outcomes, the effect size was the largest for high-fidelity simulation (0.50). Regarding affective outcome, high-fidelity simulation (0.80) and standardized patients (0.73) had the largest effect sizes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that simulation-based nursing educational interventions have strong educational effects, with particularly large effects in the psychomotor domain. Since the effect is not proportional to fidelity level, it is important to use a variety of educational interventions to meet all of the educational goals.

what has demanded from practical applications for collecting the big data. Therefore, to resolve the cost issues, a R2R printing foundry has been highly attracted because the flexible passive components (such as sensor electrodes, capacitors, and antenna) are able to integrate with their flexible active components (such as display, processor, [3] transponder, [4] analogto-digital converter (ADC), [5] operation amplifier [6]) through a R2R inline printing system. [7] However, although sensor electrodes, [8] capacitors, [9] antenna, [10] and thin film transistor (TFT) active matrix-based display [11] have been successfully printed via R2R printing method, they cannot integrate with flexible active components yet through the R2R inline printing system so far. The major reason in difficulty of inline integration of R2R printed passive components with the flexible active components was mainly originated from the incompatibility between printing and vacuum deposition techniques, employed in manufacturing those flexible active components. Although a printing process was incorporated with the vacuum deposition methods in fabricating those flexible active components, it was limited to fabricating only the semiconducting layers, [12] and lacked the scalability required for practical mass production. Thus, those hybrid vacuum deposition and printing processes cannot be incorporated into the R2R printing foundry. To establish the R2R printing foundry concept, the design rule that encompasses physical dimensions and electrical parameters of the fully printed devices should be first established. The design rule in a semiconductor fabrication plant-referred to as the foundry-is a compromised rule between circuit design engineers and process engineers to provide the geometry of an integrated circuit layout with an acceptable cost. However, unlike the Si-chip foundry, the printed devices' physical dimensions and electrical parameters are variable to the rheological parameters of the electronic inks, the web tension, printing speed, and overlay printing registration accuracy (OPRA) of employed R2R printer. Therefore, the design rule of the R2R printing foundry (Figure 1a) should be always comprising characteristics of both employed ink and R2R printer to prove that the R2R printed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based active

spanning almost the entire range of commercial products in industry, agriculture, and medicine. That is why the development of roll-to-roll (R2R) printed passive RFID tags is extremely attractive, due to perceived cost reduction achievableindeed, this has been the driving force for the realization of the penny RFID tag for the ID and the authentication without incorporating any encryption engine. SuchThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201900935.Printed electronics has been received a great deal of attention in the last two decades with a primary focus being on the use of organic semiconductors for the inexpensive and flexible electronic devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Applications such as flexible displays and passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have been widely touted in this regard. In particular, the roll-to-roll (R2R) printed passive 13.56 MHz RFID tag has a very competitive advantage for ID and authentication to prevent counterfeits over the traditional Si-chip based one because the low cost is always the first priority to be considered to authenticate genuine products

Emergency department nurses are confronted with unpredictable diseases and disasters and work-related traumatic stress events. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing work environment, relationship with the head nurse, resilience, and posttraumatic growth among emergency department nurses. Data were collected from December 2018 to February 2019 through a self-administered survey questionnaire. Participants comprised 127 nurses working in the emergency department. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression. The mean posttraumatic growth score of emergency department nurses was 2.59 ± 0.64 out of a possible 5.00. The posttraumatic growth showed a statistically significant difference according to age in the emergency department nurse. Resilience was the most significant variable controlling other variables, accounting for 29% of the variability. The findings support that intervention programs should be developed to encourage a positive relationship with the head nurse and enhance resilience in emergency department nurses.

The aim of this study was to examine effects of moral sensitivity and nursing practice environment on person-centered care by nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: Participants in this study were 118 nurses, with a least 4 months experience working in a long-term care hospital in Daegu City or North Gyeongsang Province. Data were collected from March 17 to 28, 2017 using questionnaires about general characteristics, the Korean Version Person-centered Care Assessment Tool, the Korean Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Korean Version of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and hierarchial multiple regression analysis with the IBM SPSS statistics 19.0 Program. Results: Person-centered care showed significantly positive correlations with moral sensitivity (r=.21, p=.024) and nursing practice environment (r=.62, p<.001). In the hierarchial regression analysis, moral sensitivity explained 4% (F=5.24, p=.024) of the variance in person-centered care and nursing practice environment accounted for 38% (F=35.15, p<.001) of the variance in person-centered care. Conclusion: Findings indicate that improvements in person-centered care should be developed to provide a good nursing practice environment in long-term care hospitals.

We introduced a FGO–PVDF composite as an encapsulation layer to prove the reliability of PEDOT:PSS thermistors under high-humidity conditions to realize an NFC-enabled smart label for monitoring time-temperature history of a food item along the cold chain.

Current Si-based technologies have reached their intrinsic limits in meeting the demands of flexible electronics where free-form factors and low cost are critical for successful applications. For this reason, roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing has been considered a way to achieve the free-form factor and the low cost. However, the R2R gravure systems (servomechanism, electronic ink, printing process, and device design) could not integrate a number of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with small threshold voltage (V th) variations. Therefore, we designed a 4-bit code generator by combining one ring oscillator, six NAND gates, and one OR gate based on 37 p-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) TFTs as a concept devices to test the R2R gravure system. First, ring oscillators with different physical dimensions were printed on a poly (ethylene terephthalate) roll using the R2R gravure. Then, we extracted important factors (channel length, channel width, and SWCNT network density) to optimize the V th variation and demonstrated a 4-bit code generator integrated with 37 p-type TFTs. This work will be further extended in the near future to develop R2R gravure printed near-field communication labels for smart packaging.

An all‐printed wireless triangle‐wave generator is needed to produce a printed wireless and disposable cyclic voltammetry (CV)‐based biosensor to detect redox‐active analytes. The generator should produce positive and negative potentials from the smartphone's near‐field‐communication (NFC) (13.56 MHz) carrier signal. However, the printed triangle‐wave generator that contains rectenna and a ring oscillator fails to wirelessly operate with a smartphone because the polarized (±) DC power from the NFC carrier signal of the smartphone could not be provided through the utilization of a printed Schottky diode. Herein, an n‐type indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based ink is formulated to print the Schottky junction with a high work function of the printed electrode provided by in situ doping of printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on Ag electrode. The printed IGZO‐based rectenna could wirelessly harvest polarized (±) DC 10 V from the smartphone to generate a triangle wave with positive and negative potentials through the printed ring oscillator.