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Gut microbes play significant roles in colitis development. The current study was aimed to uncover the preventive effects of lycopene (LYC), a functional carotenoid component, on colitis and the accompanied behavior disorders. The current study demonstrated that LYC treatment (50 mg/kg body weight/day) for 40 days prevented the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut barrier damages and inflammatory responses in male mice. LYC improved DSS-induced depression and anxiety-like behavioral disorders by suppressing neuroinflammation and prevented synaptic ultrastructure damages by upregulating the expressions of neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic-density protein. Moreover, LYC reshaped the gut microbiome in colitis mice by decreasing the relative abundance of proteobacteria and increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. LYC also elevated the generation of short-chain fatty acids and inhibited the permeability of lipopolysaccharide in colitis mice. In conclusion, LYC ameliorate DSS-induced colitis and behavioral disorders via mediating microbes–gut–brain axis balance.

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are highly desirable for large‐scale energy storage because of their low cost and high‐level safety. However, achieving high energy and high power densities simultaneously is challenging. Herein, a VOx sub‐nanometer cluster/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) cathode material composed of interfacial VOC bonds is artificially constructed. Therein, a new mechanism is revealed, where Zn2+ ions are predominantly stored at the interface between VOx and rGO, which causes anomalous valence changes compared to conventional mechanisms and exploits the storage ability of non‐energy‐storing active yet highly conductive rGO. Further, this interface‐dominated storage triggers decoupled transport of electrons/Zn2+ ions, and the reversible destruction/reconstruction allows the interface to store more ions than the bulk. Finally, an ultrahigh rate capability (174.4 mAh g−1 at 100 A g−1, i.e., capacity retention of 39.4% for a 1000‐fold increase in current density) and a high capacity (443 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, exceeding the theoretical capacities of each interfacial component) are achieved. Such interface‐dominated storage is an exciting way to build high‐energy‐ and high‐power‐density devices.

Routine electrolyte additives are not effective enough for uniform zinc (Zn) deposition, because they are hard to proactively guide atomic-level Zn deposition. Here, based on underpotential deposition (UPD), we propose an "escort effect" of electrolyte additives for uniform Zn deposition at the atomic level. With nickel ion (Ni 2 + ) additives, we found that metallic Ni deposits preferentially and triggers the UPD of Zn on Ni. This facilitates firm nucleation and uniform growth of Zn while suppressing side reactions. Besides, Ni dissolves back into the electrolyte after Zn stripping with no influence on interfacial charge transfer resistance. Consequently, the optimized cell operates for over 900 h at 1 mA cm À 2 (more than 4 times longer than the blank one). Moreover, the universality of "escort effect" is identified by using Cr 3 + and Co 2 + additives. This work would inspire a wide range of atomic-level principles by controlling interfacial electrochemistry for various metal batteries.

This paper investigates integral sliding mode control problems for Markovian jump T-S fuzzy descriptor systems via the super-twisting algorithm. A new integral sliding surface which is continuous is constructed and an integral sliding mode control scheme based on a variable gain super-twisting algorithm is presented to guarantee the well-posedness of the state trajectories between two consecutive switchings. The stability of the sliding motion is analyzed by considering the descriptor redundancy and the properties of fuzzy membership functions. It is shown that the proposed variable gain super-twisting algorithm is an extension of the classical single-input case to the multi-input case. Finally, a bio-economic system is numerically simulated to verify the merits of the method proposed.

Abstract-This paper addresses the robust stabilisation problem for T-S fuzzy stochastic descriptor systems using an integral sliding mode control paradigm. A classical integral sliding mode control scheme and a non-parallel distributed compensation (Non-PDC) integral sliding mode control scheme are presented. It is shown that two restrictive assumptions previously adopted developing sliding mode controllers for T-S fuzzy stochastic systems are not required with the proposed framework. A unified framework for sliding mode control of T-S fuzzy systems is formulated. The proposed Non-PDC integral sliding mode control scheme encompasses existing schemes when the previously imposed assumptions hold. Stability of the sliding motion is analysed and the sliding mode controller is parameterised in terms of the solutions of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which facilitates design. The methodology is applied to an inverted pendulum model to validate the effectiveness of the results presented.Index Terms-T-S fuzzy stochastic descriptor systems, integral sliding mode control, robust stabilisation, non-parallel distributed compensation (Non-PDC), inverted pendulum.

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A series of mechanically strong and fully biobased carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hybrid aerogels were produced via an environmentally friendly unidirectional freeze-drying process.