Recent advances in technology have led to the availability of powerful speech recognizers at low cost and to the possibility of using speech interaction in a variety of new and exciting practical applications.The purpose of this research was to investigate and develop the use of speech recognition in live television subtitling. This paper describes how the "SpeakTitle" project met the challenges of real time speech recognition and live subtitling through the development of a customisable speaker interface and use of "Topics" for specific subject domains. In the prototype system (described in Hewitt et. al. 2000 andBateman et. al. 2001) output from the speech recognition system (the IBM ViaVoice ® engine) is passed in to a custom-built editor from where it can be corrected and passed on to an existing subtitling system. The system was developed to the extent that it was acceptable for the production of subtitles for live television broadcasts and it has been adopted by three subtitle production facilities in the UK.The evolution of the product and the experiences of users in developing the system in a live subtitling environment are considered, and the system is analysed against industry standards. Ease-of-use and accuracy are also discussed and further research areas are identified.
Abstract-Understanding software change as an evolutionary process analogous to biological evolution is an increasingly popular approach to software evolvability but requires some caution. Issues of evolvability make sense not only for biological and evolutionary computation systems, but also in the realms of artifacts, culture, and software systems. Persistence through time with variation (while possibly spreading) is an analogue to variation (with heritability). Thus discrete individual replicators are not strictly necessary for an evolutionary dynamic to take place. Studying identified properties that give biological and artifact evolution the capacity to produce complex adaptive variation could shed light on how to enhance the evolvability of software systems in general and of evolutionary computation in particular. Evolution and evolvability can be compared in different domains.But the evolution of software systems is also very unlike that of biological entities whose existence, persistence, development, and integrity as single individuals is actively maintained by the activity of the entities themselves over a long evolutionary history. Integrity of software systems -i.e. the assumption that they are well-defined, coherent individuals that develop -is presupposed by nearly all software process approaches and limits their effectiveness. Understanding the long-term evolvability of software systems as they undergo "descent with modification" thus requires much more than a traditional Darwinian approach. We compile and discuss differences and similarities between software evolution and other instances evolution toward this end.
This paper investigates the development of an authoring package designed to mimic traditional "chalk and talk" delivery of content in education. It emphasizes the twin goals of making the output more accessible both for those with disabilities and for distance learners and also making the package usable by academic staff without requiring extensive training. It deals with issues arising from the capture of the material, the compromises and conflicts which are made in the satisfaction of accessibility guidelines and the implementation problems which arise. An authoring tool designed specifically for the production of accessible multimedia material is described as is preliminary work being undertaken to provide live subtitles of lectures.
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