Resumo Introdução A raiva é uma infecção zoonótica transmitida pela inoculação do vírus através da saliva e secreções de animais infectados. O trabalho avaliou o perfil dos agravos e a conduta do atendimento antirrábico humano pós-exposição, entre 2006 e 2013, em Cuité-PB. Método Foram avaliadas 184 fichas dos agravos incluídos no SINAN (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação). Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e calcularam-se a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados Na análise dos acidentes, 53,3% eram do sexo feminino e 39,1% tinham entre 20 e 59 anos. A mordedura foi a agressão mais frequente (72,3%), e as lesões graves foram 41,5% das agressões. Os cães foram responsáveis por 66,1% das agressões. Foram registradas agressões por gatos, primatas e raposas. Verificou-se associação entre a espécie agressora e o sexo dos indivíduos (p=0,019) e maior frequência de agressões por cães em homens (RP= 1,587, IC=1,039-2,422) e por gatos em mulheres (RP=1,415, IC=1,080-1,855). Observou-se associação entre agressões por cães em membros inferiores (p=0,008, RP=2,065, IC=1,138-3,749) e por gatos em mãos/pés (p=0,001, RP=2,045, IC=1,340-3,123). 59,8% das condutas foram observação+vacina e 59,2% seguiram o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde. Conclusão deve haver uma melhora na indicação dos tratamentos e no registro dos agravos.

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Brazil accounts for around 20% of all animal species, but these are constantly threatened by illegal anthropic activities. Unfortunately, animal dealers are totally unaware of the sanitary risks among wild animals, or that occurrences of parasites in these animals are bioindicators for their current sanitary status within the ecosystem in which they live. This status is an important parameter with regard to assessing the spreading of pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a survey of zoonotic parasites in carnivores and non-human primates that are illegally traded in Brazil. Between June 2016 and July 2017, 43 wild animals (20 carnivores and 23 non-human primates) were presented at the Wild Animal Screening Center of Sergipe (CETAS/SE). Fecal and blood samples were obtained and analyzed to detect occurrences of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, such as Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and gastrointestinal helminths. Out of all the animals analyzed, 55.8% (24/43) were found to be positive for at least one parasite species, i.e. 41.7% and 58.3% of the carnivores and non-human primates, respectively. However, all the animals were negative for D. immitis, L. braziliensis and T. cruzi. These findings demonstrate that illegally traded wild animals may represent a risk to public health because of absence of sanitary control during their transportation. Therefore, preventive measures might be employed to avoid infection of these animals and people in close contact with them.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoon Leishmania infantum, an important agent of zoonotic concern. In this study we determined the seroprevalence, risk factors and spatial distribution of infection by L. infantum among dogs in the Pajeú microregion of the Sertão region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Canine serum samples (n = 247) were tested using the Dual Path Platform (DPP®) rapid screening test and ELISA/S7® confirmatory test; and risk factors were assessed through univariate analysis and logistical regression. The spatial distribution of reactive dogs was analyzed by drawing a map using QGIS. Seroprevalence of 13.7% (34/247) was detected, with cases predominating in the municipality of Tabira (26.4%; 9/34). Age above 10 years was considered to be a risk factor associated with the presence of anti-L. infantum antibodies. The high overall prevalence and spatial distribution of positive cases showed wide dispersion of reagents dogs in the study area. Therefore, preventive measures are needed in order to reduce the risk of infection for animals and humans.

Os triatomíneos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) são insetos hematófagos vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas humana. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a fauna de triatomíneos capturados em municípios da região do Curimataú e Seridó paraibanos, durante a Campanha do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas (PCDCh) em 2013, e fazer um levantamento retrospectivo das espécies capturadas entre 2008 e 2012 na mesma região. Foram realizadas coleta, identificação taxonômica e análise parasitológica das fezes de triatomíneos coletados em pesquisa de campo no ano de 2013. Além disso, analisaramse documentos de registro dos exames realizados nos triatomíneos durante as campanhas do PCDCh, nos anos de 2008 a 2012, arquivados na 4ª Gerência Regional de Saúde. Os indicadores entomológicos analisados foram os seguintes: Índice de colonização (IC), Infestação domiciliar (ID), Densidade triatomínica domiciliar (DTD) e Índice de infecção (II). No período estudado (2008-2012), foram capturados 1.896 exemplares de triatomíneos na região, constatando-se a presença de sete espécies de triatomíneos: Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Rhodnius nasutus, R. neglectus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. melanocephala e T. pseudomaculata. Ficaram demonstradas a distribuição geográfica dos triatomíneos nos municípios estudados e a prevalência por ano de estudo. Foram observadas associações significativas (p < 0,05) entre o estádio de desenvolvimento de T. brasilensis e T. pseudomaculata e o local de captura, respectivamente, intradomicílio e peridomicílio. No ano de 2013, os índices verificados foram IC - 41,6%, ID - 13%, DTD - 0,3% e II - 0,7%; para os espécimes examinados entre 2008 e 2012, o índice foi de 0,1%. Os índices entomológicos mostram a colonização intra e peridomiciliar dos vetores e sugerem que o ciclo do parasito permanece ativo na região.

The number of domestic animals living with human beings is rapidly increasing in parallel with an enhanced risk of transmission of their parasites and the pathogens they might carry. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of hematophagous arthropods infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil and to remark the implications of their occurrence on the epidemiology and control of selected veterinary and human diseases. From January 2017 to April 2019, ectoparasites infesting domestic cats, dogs and horses were collected for their respective hosts and identified. Overall, ectoparasites were sampled from 86 domestic animals, living in different anthropic settings. A total of 401 specimens (344 ticks and 57 fleas) were collected from different hosts [i.e., 10 (2.49%), 96 (23.94%) and 295 (73.57%) from cats, dogs and horses, respectively]. Two flea (i.e., Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis) and 5 tick species (i.e., Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) were identified. This study provides data on the ectoparasite fauna infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil. The diagnosis and treatment of these parasites should not be underestimated, considering the role that hematophagous arthropods display as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary concern.

This research analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of triatomines infected by trypanosomatid parasites in an endemic region for Chagas disease, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The database included the total number of triatomines captured from intradomicile and peridomicile areas, as well as the infection rate (IR) by trypanosomatid. The Gi∗ by Getis–Ord method was used to statistically identify significant concentration clusters and the IR of triatomines by trypanosomatids. A generalized linear regression model with a binomial distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding an IR by trypanosomatids. Overall, of 4,800 triatomines examined, trypanosomatid forms similar to Trypanosoma cruzi were detected in 10.29% of them, and the majority of positive specimens (98.17%) were collected at intradomicile. The geospatial analyses identified triatomines clusters in intradomicile and peridomicile environments. According to the logistic regression data for species (Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata), the probability of detection of T. cruzi infection remains constant in up to 50 specimens examined or more. The findings of this research revealed a scenario never studied in this area through this type of spatiotemporal analysis, which is essential to identify areas of vulnerability for the occurrence of these vectors and consequently for Chagas disease.