Context Consumption of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and other chronic conditions commonly associated with obesity. Objective To analyze the effects of dietary AGEs on complications associated with obesity. Data sources This systematic review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using the terms “advanced glycation end products,” “overweight,” and “obesity.” The last search was performed in October 2018. Data extraction Six studies that evaluated the effects of low-AGE and high-AGE diets were included in the review. The duration of the studies ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. A comparison of all the compiled data was conducted by the authors. Data analysis Circulating and urinary AGE markers, besides soluble receptor for AGEs, were considered as the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic, inflammatory, glycemic, anthropometric, and renal markers. Conclusions AGE-RAGE interactions can activate the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway and inhibit the PI3K-AKT pathway in adipocytes, which may explain their association with chronic diseases. This interaction can be considered as a novel explanation for the pathogenesis of obesity. AGEs can also be used as a biomarker for monitoring responses to dietary interventions in overweight and obese people. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018082745.

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Objective: To explored the relationship between UPF consumption and dietary, lifestyle, and social determinants using pathway analysis in the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME project). Design: Cross-sectional study, which path analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects of dietary practices, sleep, time on the computer, and professional status on UPF consumption. Setting: Data were collected in 2016, through an online questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary practices questions, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants: Baseline participants from the CUME Project (n=2,826), adults who graduated from Universidade Federal de Viçosa or Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results: Being employed (p = 0.024), the time spent on the computer (p = 0.031) and the frequency of fried food intake (p < 0.001) were positively and directly associated with UPF consumption, whereas the sleep duration (p = 0.007) and the number of meals per day (p < 0.001) were negatively and directly associated with UPF consumption. Indirect effects were observed between being employed, mediated by the sleep duration (p = 0.032) and fried food intake (p = 0.005), whereas being a student is mediated by the time on the computer (p = 0.048). Conclusion: The time spent on the computer, sleep duration, and fried food consumption showed direct effects on UPF consumption. They also acted as mediators on the relationship between professional status and UPF consumption. Besides, the number of meals eaten each day also was directly associated with UPF consumption.

Preocupação com a saúde medeia a relação entre alegação de saúde e aceitação de barras alimentíciasHealth concern mediation relationship between health claim and acceptance of food bars

Background Studies have shown the relationship between food environment and obesity, but few explore metabolic phenotypes as outcomes. Methods We studied 4,311 adults (2,916 women, 1,395 men, with a mean age of 35.9 ± 9.4 y) from the Cohort of Universities in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants were classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) or non-obese. Additionally, metabolic phenotypes were classified as healthy and unhealthy (≥ 1 conditions) based on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We also evaluated the type of food establishment where participants usually had lunch. Multinomial logistic regression analyzes were used to assess the relationship between lunch establishments and metabolic phenotypes, using the Metabolically Healthy Non-Obesity as reference category. Results The Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) phenotype represented 4.6% and 40.5% of the total sample and obese population, respectively. We found no associations between having lunch at home, in university restaurants or à la carte restaurants with metabolic phenotypes. Having lunch at large fast-food chains increased 1.88 (95% 1.22 - 2.90) times the chance of healthy obese phenotype and 1.56 (95% 1.03 - 2.37) times the chance of unhealthy obese phenotype. Conclusions The food habit of having lunch in unhealthy food establishments was associated with obesity, regardless of the classification of the metabolic phenotype. Key messages The habit of having lunch in fast food restaurants is associated with obesity. Metabolically healthy obesity can be a transient state up to the unhealthy phenotype. This population must also be the target of nutritional interventions.