Context Consumption of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and other chronic conditions commonly associated with obesity. Objective To analyze the effects of dietary AGEs on complications associated with obesity. Data sources This systematic review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using the terms “advanced glycation end products,” “overweight,” and “obesity.” The last search was performed in October 2018. Data extraction Six studies that evaluated the effects of low-AGE and high-AGE diets were included in the review. The duration of the studies ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. A comparison of all the compiled data was conducted by the authors. Data analysis Circulating and urinary AGE markers, besides soluble receptor for AGEs, were considered as the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic, inflammatory, glycemic, anthropometric, and renal markers. Conclusions AGE-RAGE interactions can activate the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway and inhibit the PI3K-AKT pathway in adipocytes, which may explain their association with chronic diseases. This interaction can be considered as a novel explanation for the pathogenesis of obesity. AGEs can also be used as a biomarker for monitoring responses to dietary interventions in overweight and obese people. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018082745.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of most chronic diseases. Therefore, identification of treatments that can attenuate the effects of these compounds and prevent cardiometabolic complications is of extreme public health interest. Recently, body weight management interventions showed positive results on reducing serum AGE concentrations. Moreover, the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is considered to be a novel biomarker to identify patients with obesity most likely to benefit from weight management interventions. This systematic review aimed to critically analyze papers evaluating the effects of weight loss on serum AGEs and its receptors in adults with excess body weight. MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Lilacs databases were searched. Three studies evaluating the response of AGEs to energy-restricted diets and six assessing sRAGE as the primary outcome were included. Energy-restricted diets and bariatric surgery reduced serum AGE concentrations, but effects on endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) and sRAGE concentrations are conflicting. These results may be associated with mechanisms related to changes in dietary intake and limiting endogenous AGE formation. Therefore, the role of energy-restricted diets and bariatric surgery on lowering serum AGE concentrations, as well as its effects on AGEs receptors, deserves further investigation. K E Y W O R D S advanced glycation end product, bariatric surgery, caloric restriction, overweight, sRAGE 1 | BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence has nearly tripled in the past decades, and it has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. According to the World Health Organization in 2016, 39% of the adult population had overweight, and 13% had obesity. 1 Being overweight is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. 2,3 Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress are complications associated toAbbreviations: AGEs, advanced glycation end products; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; sRAGE, soluble receptor advanced glycation end products; PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-
Pistachio is a nut with high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyphenols and carotenoids content, and the synergism between these compounds appears to affect glucose metabolism. In this systematic review we analyzed studies in which the effect of chronic consumption of pistachio on markers of glucose metabolism was evaluated in pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetics. We used the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Lilacs databases. The research terms used were pistachio, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, blood glucose, hyperglycemia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Four articles were selected, of which three tested the intake of 50 to 57 g of pistachio/day and one 20% of the daily caloric intake, for a period of 1 to 4 months. Studies reported a decrease in fasting blood glucose, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, and fructosamine, but no change in HbA1c. Lower concentrations of miR-192 and miR-375 were also found, which correlated positively with HOMA-IR. The synergism between PUFA, MUFA, polyphenols and carotenoids present in pistachios can modulate specific miRNA, increasing insulin sensitivity through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This modulation can be used as a tool to monitor the response to interventions, favoring the prevention and treatment of complications related to diabetes.
Context Dietary fat seems to affect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors. This systematic review assesses studies that evaluated the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation and to explore the mechanisms involved. Data Sources This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using descriptors related to dietary fat, AGEs, and the receptors for AGEs. Study Selection Studies were selected independently by the 3 authors. Divergent decisions were resolved by consensus. All studies that evaluated the effects of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on circulating concentrations of AGEs and their receptors in adults and elderly adults with or without chronic diseases were included. Initially, 9 studies met the selection criteria. Data Extraction Three authors performed data extraction independently. Six studies were included. Results Consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in dietary AGEs reduced serum concentrations of AGEs, reduced expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and increased expression of the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) when compared with consumption of a Western diet rich in saturated fatty acids and dietary AGEs. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) resulted in decreased concentrations of fluorescent AGEs and decreased expression of RAGE as well as increased expression of AGER1. Conclusions Increased consumption of MUFAs and omega-3 PUFAs and reduced consumption of saturated fatty acids seem to be effective strategies to beneficially affect glycation markers, which in turn may prevent and control chronic diseases. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42021220489.
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