The relationship between Litsea and related genera is currently unclear. Previous molecular studies on these taxa using cpDNA and nrITS were unable to produce well-resolved phylogenetic trees. In this study, we explored the potential of the rpb2 gene as a source of molecular information to better resolve the phylogenetic analysis. Although rpb2 was believed to be a single-copy gene, our cloning results showed that most species examined possessed several copies of these sequences. However, the genetic distance among copies from any one species was low, and these copies always formed monophyletic groups in our molecular trees. Our phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 data resulted in better resolved tree topologies compared to those based on cpDNA or nrITS data. Our results show that monophyly of the genus Litsea is supported only for section Litsea. As a genus, Litsea was shown to be polyphyletic. The genera Actinodaphne and Neolitsea were resolved as monophyletic groups in all analyses. They were also shown to be sisters and closer to the genus Lindera than to the genus Litsea. Our results also revealed that the genus Lindera is not a monophyletic group.

No abstract

Abstract. Asra R, Silalahi M, Fijridiyanto IA. 2020. The practice and plants used in Besale ritual healing by the Anak Dalam Tribe in Nyogan Village, Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4529-4536. The Anak Dalam Tribe (ADT) is an indigenous ethnic which inhabits the center of Sumatra, especially in Jambi and South Sumatra Provinces, Indonesia. The ADT communities still maintain their traditional rituals; one of them is the Besale ritual healing (BRH). This study aims to analyze the diversity of plants used in BRH by the ADT in Nyogan Village, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted with an ethnobotany approach through surveys using interviews and participatory observations. The total number of informants was six persons, namely the leaders and performers of the BRH. The data were analyzed qualitatively using descriptive statistics. The BRH is carried out by a dukunorsidi (shaman), bujang pembayun (dancers), biduan (singers), and inang (assistant). They combine ritual and treatment simultaneously to cure people who have severe illnesses. There are 21 species belong to 20 genera and 12 families of plants used in the BRH. The plants are used to build a hall (place for the BRH), "bird" ornament, and offerings. The most widely used part of the plant is the flowers (34,61%). The plants used in the BRH are fresh materials, which are burned, smoked, hung, and eaten during the ritual.

Pada HUT ke-198, Kebun Raya Bogor telah meresmikan Taman Koleksi Tumbuhan Obat yang dilengkapi lima jalur wisata edukasi, yang kemudian dikenal sebagai "Jalur Tumbuhan Obat". Sepanjang jalur wisata kita dapat mengetahui manfaat dari beragam tumbuhan obat, diantaranya adalah air rebusan rebung muda bambu kuning ternyata bermanfaat untuk mengobati penyakit hepatitis. Air seduhan bunga kenanga dapat mengobati nyeri otot dan sendi. Selain itu, segelas air perasaan jeruk purut hangat dapat melegakan pernapasan saat flu. Begitu banyak informasi tentang manfaat tumbuhan obat yang dapat kita gunakan. Oleh karena itu, kulik (kupas dan telisik) lebih cermat semua informasi terkait jenis tumbuhan obat dan manfaatnya. Selain itu, kita juga dapat memilih jalur wisata yang akan kita lalui karena setiap jalur memiliki waktu tempuh rata-rata satu jam, namun memiliki perbedaan pada kondisi topografi dan jumlah kalori tubuh yang akan terbakar saat menelusuri jalur wisata. Mari memulai petualang dengan membaca buku ini terlebih dahulu, kemudian langkahkan kaki untuk menikmati koleksi tumbuhan obat di Kebun Raya Bogor. Berangkat!

A revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra is presented. Eight species are recognized, including two newly described species (D. bandaharense and D. pilosa). A key to the eight species, descriptions and distribution maps of each species and illustrations of newly described species are provided. A neotype for D. incrassata is designated.

Abstract. Yudaputra A, Fijridiyanto I, Cropper WPJr. 2020. The potential impact of climate change on the distribution pattern of Eusideroxylon zwageri (Bornean Ironwood) in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 326-333. Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn. is a vulnerable tree species with considerable economic value. The high demand for its wood makes this species vulnerable. Population vulnerabilities of E. zwageri include habitat loss, land-use change, and forest encroachment. An additional potential risk factor is climate change, with a possible increase in temperature of about 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century. Climate is considered to be a principal factor that determines the distribution of many species. This study addresses the potential current and future distribution of E. zwageri under climate change. Seven predictor climate variables are selected from 19 climatic variables using VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) to eliminate multicollinearity among variables. The spatial data is prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS). Six species distribution models (RF, SVM, MARS, GAM, GLM) and the ensemble model are applied to understand the potential current geographical distribution of E. zwageri. For risk assessment, the potential future distribution is predicted using the ensemble model only. All models are run using R open-source software. In model evaluation, all models have AUC value >0.80, indicating those models are good predictive models. All predictive models have the TSS >0.60 which means those models having a useful agreement between prediction and real observation. Precipitation seasonality, isothermality, and precipitation of the coldest quarter are the most important model variables that influence the current and future distribution of E. zwageri. Four models (RF, SVM, GAM, GLM) produce similar predictive maps of potential current distribution. MARS produces a slightly different predictive map. The future projection of ensemble model shows that the distribution area is more likely shifted and decreased from the current to 2050 and 2070.

No abstract

The reclamation area of the ex gold-mining PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya (PT. NMR) will be used as a botanic gardens. This study aims to assess the reclamation program's success based on a variable vegetation of the ex gold-mining area of PT. NMR for the basis of the next management. Observations of vegetation on each unit of area was done by nested sampling system, where plots were placed along a perpendicular transect in a contour line. Vegetation variables were recorded among other: species name, individual number, plot numbers, coordinates, temperature, humidity, canopy cover, and land cover. The effect of vegetation on both of two variable regions, revegetation area and non-revegetation area, was tested using discriminant analysis. The results showed that the vegetation composition of the ex gold mining area of PT. NMR was still dominated by introduction species i.e. gamal (Gliricidia sepium), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), and lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). The diversity of understorey vegetation was middle category. The vegetation structure of the revegetation area was still in its infancy and has not yet reached climax conditions. However, revegetation efforts PT. NMR has succeeded in restoring the composition and structure of vegetation resembling to vegetation conditions in secondary forests. For supporting the ecosystem stability and promoting development programs of botanic gardens, were the enrichment of native vegetation and endangered species is needed.