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The rapid advancement of electronic devices and fabrication technologies has further promoted the field of wearables and smart textiles. However, most of the current efforts in textile electronics focus on a single modality and cover a small area. Here, we have developed a tailored, electronic textile conformable suit (E-TeCS) to perform large-scale, multimodal physiological (temperature, heart rate, and respiration) sensing in vivo. This platform can be customized for various forms, sizes and functions using standard, accessible and high-throughput textile manufacturing and garment patterning techniques. Similar to a compression shirt, the soft and stretchable nature of the tailored E-TeCS allows intimate contact between electronics and the skin with a pressure value of around~25 mmHg, allowing for physical comfort and improved precision of sensor readings on skin. The E-TeCS can detect skin temperature with an accuracy of 0.1°C and a precision of 0.01°C, as well as heart rate and respiration with a precision of 0.0012 m/ s 2 through mechano-acoustic inertial sensing. The knit textile electronics can be stretched up to 30% under 1000 cycles of stretching without significant degradation in mechanical and electrical performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted for each sensor modality along with performing the robustness of sensor-interconnects, washability, and breathability of the suit. Collective results suggest that our E-TeCS can simultaneously and wirelessly monitor 30 skin temperature nodes across the human body over an area of 1500 cm 2 , during seismocardiac events and respiration, as well as physical activity through inertial dynamics.npj Flexible Electronics (2020) 4:5 ; https://doi.

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Purpose When wearable and implantable devices first arose in the 1970s, they were rigid and clashed dramatically with our soft, pliable skin and organs. The past two decades have witnessed a major upheaval in these devices. Traditional electronics are six orders of magnitude stiffer than soft tissue. As a result, when rigid electronics are integrated with the human body, severe challenges in both mechanical and geometrical form mismatch occur. This mismatch creates an uneven contact at the interface of soft-tissue, leading to noisy and unreliable data gathering of the body’s vital signs. This paper aims to predict the role that discreet, seamless medical devices will play in personalized health care by discussing novel solutions for alleviating this interface mismatch and exploring the challenges in developing and commercializing such devices. Design methodology/approach Since the form factors of biology cannot be changed to match those of rigid devices, conformable devices that mimic the shape and mechanical properties of soft body tissue must be designed and fabricated. These conformable devices play the role of imperceptible medical interfaces. Such interfaces can help scientists and medical practitioners to gain further insights into the body by providing an accurate and reliable instrument that can conform closely to the target areas of interest for continuous, long-term monitoring of the human body, while improving user experience. Findings The authors have highlighted current attempts of mechanically adaptive devices for health care, and the authors forecast key aspects for the future of these conformable biomedical devices and the ways in which these devices will revolutionize how health care is administered or obtained. Originality/value The authors conclude this paper with the perspective on the challenges of implementing this technology for practical use, including device packaging, environmental life cycle, data privacy, industry partnership and collaboration.

there is still a lack of understanding in the area of the stretchable and size-variable display. As a futuristic application, we can envision a next-generation display or solid-state lighting system, which could change its size or typically make reconfigurable itself. For instance, by utilizing highly stretchable or expandable display, a small screen-sized mobile phone may be rehabilitated into large screen-sized tablet or laptop. Likewise, we can attain a stretchable and fashionable electronic clothing with built-in electronic functionalities and biocompatible light sources by simply stretching the display. The potential applications of these devices consist of the stretchable in vivo medical devices/ robotic systems, multifunctional expandable mobile phones, smart TV, and illumination systems. A conceptual outline and associated problem with existing Ecoflex-substrate-based stretchable device are shown in Figure 1.As of today, most commonly used strategies to attain the stretchable platforms for display include the combination of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with soft and rubbery materials, i.e., placing rigid LEDs along with elastic interconnects onto a soft substrate or using compliant LEDs that are intrinsically stretchable. [18][19][20] For instance, White et al. demonstrated a display-compatible ultrathin (2 µm) red and orange polymer LEDs, which showed the enhanced mechanical stability. [21] Although the abovementioned systems have demonstrated the promising results in terms of stretchability and efficiency, these devices have critical limitations. First, during stretching the electrical resistance of stretchable electrodes increases under tensile stresses. Previous studies have proposed various techniques to resolve the stated issue, i.e., perforated 3D net-shaped nanostructures in the PDMS, [22] inkjet-printed stretchable silver electrodes, [23] and using various interconnects with/without embedded PDMS. [24,25] Nevertheless, the outcome and efficiency of these devices are still far below than the essential level. Secondly and most importantly, devices that comprise the stretchable display, experience the degraded or lower pixel resolution during their operation. The reason for this deficiency could be regarded to the growing gaps between simultaneous LEDs or lower pixel density when expandable displays stretch out. Therefore, to get the highly efficient reconfigurable display a more realistic and novel platform is needed.Here, we propose, a reconfigurable and size-variable platform, which is capable to provide the highly efficient display The stretchable display might play a crucial role in transforming many potential applications including wearable electronics, flexible displays for smart TV/devices, health monitoring wristbands, and illumination systems. To date, the most commonly used stretchable displays include the installation of lightemitting diodes (LEDs) onto a compliant substrate. However, they have critical limitations such as an increase in resistance and degradation of pixel resolution due...

Electronic chips that are commercially available today are durable and long lasting. However, there is a great need for electronic systems that can lose the functionality and struc ture on demand, or after a certain amount of time. Transient electronics is an emerging technology field in which the func tionality of a chip can be altered or completely destroyed in a controlled manner. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Application areas of transient electronics include healthcare where electronic monitoring implants that can be resorbed in the body over time or a network of bio degradable sensors distributed in the environment that can pro vide data for a certain amount of time. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In today's digital age, the increasing dependence on information also makes us vulnerable to potential invasion of privacy and cyber security. Consider a scenario in which a hard drive is stolen, lost, or misplaced, which contains secured and valuable information. In such a case, it is important to have the ability to remotely destroy the sensitive part of the device (e.g., memory or processor) if it is not possible to regain it. Many emerging materials and even some traditional materials like silicon, aluminum, zinc oxide, tungsten, and magnesium, which are often used for logic processor and memory, show promise to be gradually dissolved upon exposure of various liquid medium. However, often these wet processes are too slow, fully destructive, and require assistance from the liquid materials and their suitable availability at the time of need. This study shows Joule heating effect induced thermal expansion and stress gradient between thermally expandable advanced polymeric material and flexible bulk monocrystalline silicon (100) to destroy highperformance solid state electronics as needed and under 10 s. This study also shows different stimuli-assisted smartphone-operated remote destructions of such complementary metal oxide semiconductor electronics.

Conventional healthcare, thoughts of treatment, and practice of medicine largely rely on the traditional concept of one size fits all. Personalized medicine is an emerging therapeutic approach that aims to develop a therapeutic technique that provides tailor‐made therapy based on everyone’s individual needs by delivering the right drug at the right time with the right amount of dosage. Advancement in technologies such as wearable biosensors, point‐of‐care diagnostics, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence can enable the realization of effective personalized therapy. However, currently, there is a lack of a personalized minimally invasive wearable closed‐loop drug delivery system that is continuous, automated, conformal to the skin, and cost‐effective. Here, design, fabrication, optimization, and application of a personalized medicinal platform augmented with flexible biosensors, heaters, expandable actuator and processing units powered by a lightweight battery are shown. The platform provides precise drug delivery and preparation with spatiotemporal control over the administered dose as a response to real‐time physiological changes of the individual. The system is conformal to the skin, and the drug is transdermally administered through an integrated microneedle. The developed platform is fabricated using rapid, cost‐effective techniques that are independent of advanced microfabrication facilities to expand its applications to low‐resource environments.

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