3D Printed Robotic Assembly Enabled Reconfigurable Display with Higher Resolution

Abstract

there is still a lack of understanding in the area of the stretchable and size-variable display. As a futuristic application, we can envision a next-generation display or solid-state lighting system, which could change its size or typically make reconfigurable itself. For instance, by utilizing highly stretchable or expandable display, a small screen-sized mobile phone may be rehabilitated into large screen-sized tablet or laptop. Likewise, we can attain a stretchable and fashionable electronic clothing with built-in electronic functionalities and biocompatible light sources by simply stretching the display. The potential applications of these devices consist of the stretchable in vivo medical devices/ robotic systems, multifunctional expandable mobile phones, smart TV, and illumination systems. A conceptual outline and associated problem with existing Ecoflex-substrate-based stretchable device are shown in Figure 1.As of today, most commonly used strategies to attain the stretchable platforms for display include the combination of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with soft and rubbery materials, i.e., placing rigid LEDs along with elastic interconnects onto a soft substrate or using compliant LEDs that are intrinsically stretchable. [18][19][20] For instance, White et al. demonstrated a display-compatible ultrathin (2 µm) red and orange polymer LEDs, which showed the enhanced mechanical stability. [21] Although the abovementioned systems have demonstrated the promising results in terms of stretchability and efficiency, these devices have critical limitations. First, during stretching the electrical resistance of stretchable electrodes increases under tensile stresses. Previous studies have proposed various techniques to resolve the stated issue, i.e., perforated 3D net-shaped nanostructures in the PDMS, [22] inkjet-printed stretchable silver electrodes, [23] and using various interconnects with/without embedded PDMS. [24,25] Nevertheless, the outcome and efficiency of these devices are still far below than the essential level. Secondly and most importantly, devices that comprise the stretchable display, experience the degraded or lower pixel resolution during their operation. The reason for this deficiency could be regarded to the growing gaps between simultaneous LEDs or lower pixel density when expandable displays stretch out. Therefore, to get the highly efficient reconfigurable display a more realistic and novel platform is needed.Here, we propose, a reconfigurable and size-variable platform, which is capable to provide the highly efficient display The stretchable display might play a crucial role in transforming many potential applications including wearable electronics, flexible displays for smart TV/devices, health monitoring wristbands, and illumination systems. To date, the most commonly used stretchable displays include the installation of lightemitting diodes (LEDs) onto a compliant substrate. However, they have critical limitations such as an increase in resistance and degradation of pixel resolution due...

Corrugation Enabled Asymmetrically Ultrastretchable (95%) Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with High Efficiency (19%)

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skin, [3,4] stretchable displays, [5,6] and so on. In particular, mechanically deformable energy-harvesting [7,8] and energystorage [9][10][11] devices are crucial for achieving efficacy and portability.

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“…The rapid and substantial progress in the development of different stretchable electronics has recently stimulated strong research interest. Examples include wearables, artificial skin, stretchable displays, and so on. In particular, mechanically deformable energy‐harvesting and energy‐storage devices are crucial for achieving efficacy and portability.…”

Honeycomb-serpentine silicon platform for reconfigurable electronics

“…Reconfiguration is a category of physical deformation that combines stretching, bending, and twisting to transform a design into another shape. 2,4 A carefully designed reconfiguration concept may realize distributed sensory networks for in vivo and in vitro biomedical devices, where the adaptability to the body curvatures and the ability to expand and change the shape without compensating the device performance may facilitate the innovation of new biomedical technologies that can be used for drug delivery, health monitoring, diagnosis, and therapeutic healing. 5,6 The shape reconfiguration requires high mechanical capabilities, such as the ability to fold and elongate, which are a function of the material and design.…”

“…10 Qaiser et al paved the way for high-resolution stretchable displays by modeling and 3D-printing a size-variant reconfigurable platform that is mechanically guided to preserve the Light Emitting Diode (LED) pixel resolution in reconfigurable displays. 4 The shape reconfiguration is also a promising feature for robotics, where an important progressing aspect in soft robotics is the shape-changing ability, which can add significant capabilities to the development of new reconfigurable platforms. 4,6,12,13 Medina-S anchez et al presented various reconfigurable microrobots that are smart and intended to swim in biological environments.…”

“…4 The shape reconfiguration is also a promising feature for robotics, where an important progressing aspect in soft robotics is the shape-changing ability, which can add significant capabilities to the development of new reconfigurable platforms. 4,6,12,13 Medina-S anchez et al presented various reconfigurable microrobots that are smart and intended to swim in biological environments. Stimuli responsive materials were used to fabricate the microrobots, and various stimuli were applied to actuate them and to precisely control their reconfigurability, where the shape reconfiguration feature was used to control the motion mechanism and speed.…”