Human skin and hair can simultaneously feel pressure, temperature, humidity, strain, and fl ow-great inspirations for applications such as artifi cial skins for burn and acid victims, robotics, and vehicular technology. Previous efforts in this direction use sophisticated materials or processes. Chemically functionalized, inkjet printed or vacuum-technology-processed papers albeit cheap have shown limited functionalities. Thus, performance and/or functionalities per cost have been limited. Here, a scalable "garage" fabrication approach is shown using off-the-shelf inexpensive household elements such as aluminum foil, scotch tapes, sticky-notes, napkins, and sponges to build "paper skin" with simultaneous real-time sensing capability of pressure, temperature, humidity, proximity, pH, and fl ow. Enabling the basic principles of porosity, adsorption, and dimensions of these materials, a fully functioning distributed sensor network platform is reported, which, for the fi rst time, can sense the vitals of its carrier (body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and skin hydration) and the surrounding environment.
To augment the quality of our life, fully compliant personalized advanced health-care electronic system is pivotal. One of the major requirements to implement such systems is a physically flexible high-performance biocompatible energy storage (battery). However, the status-quo options do not match all of these attributes simultaneously and we also lack in an effective integration strategy to integrate them in complex architecture such as orthodontic domain in human body. Here we show, a physically complaint lithium-ion micro-battery (236 μg) with an unprecedented volumetric energy (the ratio of energy to device geometrical size) of 200 mWh/cm 3 after 120 cycles of continuous operation. Our results of 90% viability test confirmed the battery's biocompatibility. We also show seamless integration of the developed battery in an optoelectronic system embedded in a threedimensional printed smart dental brace. We foresee the resultant orthodontic system as a personalized advanced health-care application, which could serve in faster bone regeneration and enhanced enamel health-care protection and subsequently reducing the overall health-care cost.
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(Te)-based TE alloy materials are known for its room-temperature stability and ease in deposition, high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. Thus, high-quality TE devices can be attained by using antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3 ) and bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) in various forms, including single crystal, thin films, and different nanostructures. [1,4] Many techniques have been used to fabricate these in thin-film forms, such as physical vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). [1] Compared with MOCVD or MBE, sputtering is preferred for deposition of these TE materials, due to its ease of process control with its high throughput and reliability, whose deposition thickness is limited to achieve longer thermopiles. For longer thermopiles, whereas in-plane configuration is easily available by lateral deposition or coating, same plane surface hurts the thermal gradient by in-plane heat conduction and thermal convection between two zones of varied temperatures. Therefore, achieving a vertically aligned out-of-plane thermopiles would eliminate such heat convectioninduced performance compromise. Another demerit of conventional TE devices is they have high density thus they are heavy, which somehow restricts their use in energy harvesting applications. [5] Here, we show a polymer-assisted strain-induced structural transformation of thin films of telluride-based TE materials into an unprecedented 4 cm long seamless 3D lightweight tubular architecture. The strain-induced self-rolled tube is attained through formation of the tensile/stressed layer on the desired thin film (to be rolled) and then is lifted off with the optimized chemistry and mechanism of dissolving sacrificial layer from desired substrate. Both the approaches, bottom-up as well as top-down, are explained for the formation of self-rolling semiconductor microtubes and nanotubes structure. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Bottom-up aspect is for high-quality-strained layers with appropriate composition and thickness, whereas the top-down aspect exposes sidewalls of the desired thin film for lateral etching of the sacrificial layer in order to release the strained thin layer along with the desired TE film from the subsequent substrate. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Later approach determines the precise tube orientation, dimensions, and the number of rotations as per application prospects of TE applications. As a result, selfrolling tubular micro-and nanostructures can be assembled Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are interesting energy harvesters of otherwise wasted heat. Here, a polymer-assisted generic process and its mechanics to obtain sputtered thermoelectric (TE) telluride material-based 3D tubular structures with unprecedented length (up to seamless 4 cm and further expandable) are shown. This length allows for large temperature differences between the hot and the cold ends, a critical but untapped enabler for high power generation. Compared with a flat slab, better area effici...
Localization of gate oxide integrity defects in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor structures with lock-in IR thermography
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